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This interesting paper is a thorough investigation of the role of uniformly discrete subsets of separated uniform spaces. It is shown, for example, that a separated uniform space is precompact if and only if each of its uniformly discrete subsets is finite.  The authors then introduce, for uniform spaces \\(X\\), the uniformly discrete number \\(\\mathrm{ud}(X)\\) as \\(\\mathrm{sup}\\{|D|: D \\mathrm{ is a uniformly discrete subset of}\\;X\\}\\) and prove that, for separated uniform spaces \\(X\\), \\(\\mathrm{ud}(X)= \\mathrm{ib}(X)\\), where \\(\\mathrm{ib}(X)\\) is the index of narrowness that was introduced and studied by \\textit{I. I. Guran} in [Sov. Math., Dokl. 23, 173--175 (1981; Zbl 0478.22002); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 256, 1305--1307 (1981)]. It follows that, for every topological group \\(G\\), \\(\\mathrm{w}(G) = \\mathrm{ud}(G) \\cdot \\chi(G)\\), where \\(\\mathrm{w}(G)\\) is the weight and \\(\\chi(G)\\) is the character of \\(G\\).  Given a cardinal number \\(\\kappa\\), the authors say that a separated uniform space \\((X, \\mathcal{U})\\) has the \\(\\kappa\\)-uniformly discrete property, if every subset \\(A\\) of \\(X\\) with \\(|A| = \\kappa\\) that is closed and discrete in the topology generated by \\(\\mathcal{U}\\) contains a uniformly discrete subset \\(D\\) with \\(|D| = \\kappa\\). They prove that, for every cardinal number \\(\\kappa\\), the following statements are equivalent: (i) \\(\\kappa\\) is regular; (ii) every separated uniform space \\(X\\) of uniform weight \\(\\mathrm{uw}(X) < \\kappa\\) has the \\(\\kappa\\)-uniformly discrete property; and (iii) every complete Abelian topological group \\(G\\) of character \\(\\chi(G) < \\kappa\\) and \\(\\mathrm{ud}(G) = \\kappa\\) has the \\(\\kappa\\)-uniformly discrete property.  Another main result guarantees that every uniformly locally compact separated uniform space has the \\(\\kappa\\)-uniformly discrete property for every cardinal \\(\\kappa\\).  A biuniform space \\((X, \\mathcal{L}, \\mathcal{R})\\) consists of a set \\(X\\) and two uniformities \\(\\mathcal{L}\\) and \\(\\mathcal{R}\\) on \\(X\\) that generate the same topology on \\(X\\). Generalizing earlier results of the third author concerning topological groups [Math. Notes 49, No. 6, 614--616 (1991; Zbl 0737.22001); translation from Mat. Zametki 49, No. 6, 87--91 (1991)] it is shown that, if \\((X, \\mathcal{L}, \\mathcal{R})\\) is a biuniform space such that \\((X,\\mathcal{L})\\) and \\((X, \\mathcal{R})\\) are complete and metrizable, then the following statements are equivalent: (i) \\((X,\\mathcal{L})\\) and \\((X, \\mathcal{R})\\) have the same families of uniformly discrete subsets; (ii) the spaces of all bounded uniformly continuous real valued functions on \\((X,\\mathcal{L})\\) and \\((X, \\mathcal{R})\\) coincide; and (iii) \\(\\mathcal{L} = \\mathcal{R}\\).  Finally the authors apply their methods to improve on a theorem of \\textit{K. P. Hart} and \\textit{J. van Mill} from [J. Pure Appl. 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