{"entities":{"Q2555922":{"pageid":2566665,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2555922","lastrevid":72780171,"modified":"2026-04-14T07:46:49Z","type":"item","id":"Q2555922","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Probabilistic methods in group theory"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3391034"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$EB9B7D7B-8596-44B7-9B47-90F07D2DCD89","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"864c2dfaaa1f0df5ceb790199d088a670fe3b8be","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Probabilistic methods in group theory","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$5231C785-AB90-403A-82C6-70F59D9E1D54","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"fea1edf23cbbac9478df7207448159116f5ea43f","datavalue":{"value":"0247.20045","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$6A660CC4-ED17-4883-ACC8-8A1DAAD93B88","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"dbe2e336410ad8b79c886838792f44a701ff6a09","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02806383","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$83F7F05E-C49D-4E2E-87B6-6117B7F2BFE9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"90190a0c4ee78b53f5fc6bf6519d07061139d625","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":769930,"id":"Q769930"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$B1F8C82E-2059-485A-83B7-425931E62BC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fb00475fd567190194461a0f087df1793eeae7c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6480801,"id":"Q6480801"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$ACAB8C82-93CF-454F-B870-DBAD434DFA95","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e7cb94b734d7b2835c194481178a8cd8e8a59783","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163291,"id":"Q163291"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$0922EBCD-FB50-492D-A476-CD70BE0B7ECB","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"cc846cc700dc846702740028966828f297420cb4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1965-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$BA4AEE14-CEF4-4508-B6CB-8D0D2C16A223","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"98ced427eb03c79a6bd16eacc5f37b4ba9f1efe3","datavalue":{"value":"Depuis une trentaine d'ann\u00e9es, les m\u00e9thodes probabilistes trouvent d'int\u00e9ressantes applications dans divers domaines des math\u00e9matiques: analyse, th\u00e9orie des graphes, th\u00e9orie des nombres. C'est l'illustre math\u00e9maticien russe Ju. V. Linnik qui, sous le nom de m\u00e9thode de dispersion, a fait des m\u00e9thodes probabilistes un puissant instrument d'investigation dans la th\u00e9orie des nombres. Des m\u00e9thodes probabilistes permettent de r\u00e9soudre de nombreux probl\u00e8mes qu'on ne sait pas traiter par d'autres m\u00e9thodes et qui cependant, \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue, n'ont rien \u00e0 voir avec le hasard. Les A. donnent d'int\u00e9ressantes applications des m\u00e9thodes probabilistes \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie des groupes ab\u00e9liens finis. Soit \\(G_n\\) un groupe ab\u00e9lien additif d'ordre \\(n\\) et soient \\(a,b,c,\\ldots\\) les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce groupe. On pose \\(1 \\cdot a=a\\) et \\(0 \\cdot a=0\\) (\u00e9l\u00e9ment neutre de \\(G_n\\)), quel que soit l'\u00e9l\u00e9ment \u00e0 de \\(G_n\\). Soient \\(a_1, \\ldots ,a_k\\) \\(k\\) \u00e9l\u00e9ments de \\(G_n\\) choisis au hasard ind\u00e9pendamment les uns des autres, la probabilit\u00e9 de choisir \\(a_i\\) \u00e9tant \\(1/n\\), quel que soit \\(i\\). Soit \\(V_k(b)\\) le nombre de repr\u00e9sentations d'un \u00e9l\u00e9ment \\(b\\) de \\(G_n\\), de la forme \\(b= \\epsilon_1a_1+ \\epsilon_2a_2+ \\ldots + \\epsilon_ka_k\\), o\u00f9 chacun des nombres \\(\\epsilon_i\\) peut prendre l'une des valeurs 0 ou 1. Pur tout \\(b \\in G_n\\), \\(V_k(b)\\) est une variable al\u00e9atoire (v.a.). Si \\(a_1, \\ldots ,a_k\\) sont fixes, on a \\(\\sum_{b \\in G_n} V_k(b)=2^k\\) et \\(\\left\\{{V_k(b) \\over 2^k} \\right\\}\\) est une loi de probabilit\u00e9s. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'usage, les A. d\u00e9signent par la symbole \\(P(\\ldots)\\) la probilit\u00e9 de l'\u00e9v\u00e9nement indiqu\u00e9 entre parenth\u00e8ses et par \\(E(\\ldots)\\) la valeur moyenne de la v.a. indiqu\u00e9e entre parenth\u00e8ses. Cela pos\u00e9, les A. demontrent les deux th\u00e9or\u00e8mes suivants: 1. Si \\(k \\geq {2 \\log n+2 \\log 1/ \\epsilon + \\log 1/\\delta \\over \\log 2}\\) o\u00f9 \\(\\epsilon >0\\) et \\(\\delta >0\\) sont des nombres positifs aussi petits que l'on veut, alors \\(P \\left(\\text{Max}_{b \\in G_n} |V_k(b)-{2^k \\over n}| \\leq \\epsilon {2^k \\over n} \\right) >1- \\delta\\). 2. Pour tout \\(\\delta >0\\), si \\(k \\geq {\\log n+2 \\log 1/ \\delta + \\log (\\log n/ \\log 2) \\over \\log 2}+5\\) alors \\(P \\left(\\text{Min}_{b \\in G_n} V_k(b)>0 \\right)>1- \\delta\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$9BC6930D-ABD8-4F54-B65B-9F297836C79C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7560d7c00da9c803324a799b9e549a4182d5fe47","datavalue":{"value":"20F99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$00282AB8-36E2-46A0-B2E4-3B74B39DDB6C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d68cc4155d2917dd1c4226f85d9cb66872255c31","datavalue":{"value":"60B99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$47F01F14-9E0F-49CE-9D99-2365F4242C8F","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d43375a6f91a1c488315eeff0ddc8d4793933d37","datavalue":{"value":"3391034","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$989CFF3C-1994-4648-BC21-843D098C2BF8","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$57610981-15B5-4CAB-9062-3BFB7C701EBA","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1c4bf606a449c9953c484dbb8476ee3760f5a6c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3267900,"id":"Q3267900"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$86AC90FC-952C-42DF-B7FA-47617D42870A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"edd227013a96dd65d0289b90d93ff4bba0dd80ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3286850,"id":"Q3286850"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$ECC49DB3-D73C-4658-8BFC-689C05756BC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6ecfae899e5870e2d9114066aacba344d37efad1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3286851,"id":"Q3286851"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$22E7924A-530F-49A6-9AFA-F524BF3855B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"39fd18357f3be3cabc9d363310dfee6ab7b7b95e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3279628,"id":"Q3279628"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$FE5A735C-3B8F-4958-A595-58F060FF19B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a8019ae53ce38702c22cdcfd4ff31ce26d7bcf59","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4758132,"id":"Q4758132"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$B7ABC707-EA32-4F56-A35E-A3585F6283BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef7fb588fc0f95c3b4a13d3f2acbe6b3ae559e50","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3279348,"id":"Q3279348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$03165DA5-CA1A-4446-B3AF-40CDAA2D3831","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f9b1cef160fb77f2fa6f28306bfd0626b4efd34a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02806383","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$64282441-8493-491E-81C1-2CC27F7E20DF","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d7cb0b2ba67bf32dffdb79a62283a2f128fab46b","datavalue":{"value":"W2039456297","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2555922$DECB090F-57F7-4157-AEBF-E24CF7EC187C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"19065dfa03310a4dd7af754fa9171504d32fcdda","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5603009,"id":"Q5603009"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2d6484d3d20b331aee87d3282aac623c432eafd5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8566570281982422","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2555922$0BF5CB13-BFCB-4886-B419-0E303AE39C2D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"effe063a8ca6205107324ec646b771937211b15d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1249232,"id":"Q1249232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5cf963dde66d9a98ea6cd0911e25e823a9523b80","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8504519462585449","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2555922$C1CF5665-9C96-4446-9101-817D088C5A76","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"72e7d76a2a3ca79630d0d733b98964351d6cc872","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4104150,"id":"Q4104150"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"df6483be0cc58ecd993312cb7dbae4080d56b091","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8373153209686279","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2555922$345099EE-4E3B-40EB-9CE4-DD8532A89458","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8eb889de0534cda9c61258c2568c4a985692853a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":381201,"id":"Q381201"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f56965c1d3c945b742e01916f3c2f3f07dadd7fa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7939553260803223","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2555922$7C6C86D7-4BDB-4C42-A294-B5DE4A219BCF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"89746b9db5210e55e8ee988c5a6473c99bc4ea1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4483667,"id":"Q4483667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ceda74f3ba5403b0608cf0ed06785b4c0a695692","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7813482880592346","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2555922$50B8B46F-432A-4476-BADA-84F29DA696E9","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Probabilistic methods in group theory","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Probabilistic_methods_in_group_theory"}}}}}