{"entities":{"Q2564029":{"pageid":2574772,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2564029","lastrevid":73797771,"modified":"2026-04-14T17:17:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q2564029","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The trigonometry of Escher's woodcut ''Circle Limit III''"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 961186"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$8DA27BE7-75D2-45BD-B93E-BFFA680649E7","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"8fc6d6ff4ea6591fe0c815dd2ab1bb602908447b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The trigonometry of Escher's woodcut ''Circle Limit III''","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$404C05AC-F09D-49E5-B916-3A01AA4CE9C4","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b0743e6e31a2b5eeaa6014f1a75c3bdf086d21d2","datavalue":{"value":"0861.01022","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$7423F62B-B470-4A1D-AC82-E570A40BF87A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"33f6804285474b8b211f90169590c0b9905d38f4","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF03026752","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$51806632-A1D0-41A8-A677-0C555D15D16C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cc480456ff975da377f92d0581816a2a2c1de699","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":178636,"id":"Q178636"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$60D3F698-430E-4C56-89E8-23DCAF39E972","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7fb1fb9e3613de38b550373bd0384fba28a5a775","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":215534,"id":"Q215534"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$9D3F4C0A-F891-4A8C-9FB6-972BEAB0EBF7","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"253a0cc57300e2194fc1b5d1f13fbbc8bc97b0de","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1997-05-13T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$F7CD89ED-66A3-4499-964B-8E9B93C16560","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"78080d41cfcbae114503a27c78d18729584b8b1c","datavalue":{"value":"The artist M. C. Escher is famous among mathematicians for the patterns of his woodcuts, which in special cases seem to reinvent the tesselations of the hyperbolic plane first studied by Poincar\u00e9 and Klein. (See, for instance, the intriguing pictures in Klein-Fricke: Theorie der elliptischen Modulfunktionen, 1890). Coxeter studies one particular woodcut called ``Circle Limit III''. In this case, the circular arcs of the tesselation are not hyperbolic lines, but arcs meeting the limit circle at an angle of \\(80^\\circ\\). The present article analyzes the structure of the tesselation of ``Circle Limit III'' using trigonometry and, surprisingly, the arithmetic of the biquadratic field \\(\\mathbb{Q}(\\sqrt{2}+\\sqrt{3})\\). Coxeter reports that Escher claimed to be ignorant of these mathematical tools. This is quite credible, but, on the other hand, this reviewer is convinced that Escher must have had at least (faint) knowledge of some of the figures of Poincar\u00e9-Klein-Fricke before he started his work on the circle limits. There are some formulas missing in the article on p. 45/46, these are supplied in the next issue Math. Intell. 19(1), p. 79.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$6D76F2B9-012B-4B09-A018-D453891F5C16","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7bfd0f006165ee82fae761f80e1a04a7310780c9","datavalue":{"value":"01A55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$7E4F11C0-F552-46E4-B922-6403667A0AC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"01a1b45694dfefe880bb22297b3fce0ed3379f1b","datavalue":{"value":"00A08","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$23ECA3A1-1D7C-4B93-A739-110FCE9C7AB8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"03f76ecbd333c959d3db8c9856c0d1db81544a00","datavalue":{"value":"961186","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$A21A515C-DEA0-4558-84B6-0D4E3F9832B5","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e638fb8a042559825e102d3fc4b86ceec6c4c533","datavalue":{"value":"Poincar\u00e9","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$9468F6D3-7275-4D36-9F4B-BC6C4B54796F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bb961d380113cba4d0ecf68169aed3df83d08a18","datavalue":{"value":"Klein","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$364C6EB9-8DAD-4621-8214-CE177159E847","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"aaa8c0f196096972a0f28c5a62f1606ee33c195b","datavalue":{"value":"Fricke","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$6895B9C4-4A0D-4B72-B179-3C6E36796D19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2a2b0a553db52fa848e9b1280e2785542a3fc8a7","datavalue":{"value":"circle limits","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$93BF8672-AC58-449E-89CB-F4336B8E4807","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"76e236d64c16267876e3d8b00a82839cc0786308","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":922509,"id":"Q922509"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$7102CBEA-0BBF-4A4A-94CF-05DF883F98A6","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$1467368D-E4D4-4A4B-A2A4-03B26ACDCD48","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e1f6aa5a7dbb8eced91175201c5b61a84466f7ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3259107,"id":"Q3259107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$C82C2B2F-DA1D-43CE-979F-37C6E0C2E2A9","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"24cd38712354298ea14451c3dc1a7cff7d2e6d35","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03026752","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$455E3A8F-9ECE-4613-A011-34D3EAC15564","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d4dbe81c161d96f9e5943505ff6fa10e0fda966e","datavalue":{"value":"W3111561938","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2564029$E04FB78A-550E-43B1-8799-BB9433BD5D22","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e1eb4f9ae4a66d50e07c878b8d10907a6be5cbf5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4516917,"id":"Q4516917"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d612fef3445bd33ac707d46da6ed7a8f94692954","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7768627405166626","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2564029$92F88610-D550-4CD4-99FB-D63BBEAC6C90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f754e3a315e8cbcec5ac722afe2fe0004ee5a5f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3426876,"id":"Q3426876"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0a3df9ff0219026acee2d402b121174e0b715319","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7303290963172913","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2564029$DAB297AB-92D4-4BF9-9E28-C8CEE8E724AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2d1035484db04a0ec0e882cce2cc643c35b1aabd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3806281,"id":"Q3806281"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3a1e90db84b08008bbf2ea33d1d9a9ba000ecf84","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7278326153755188","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2564029$6476D521-ABAD-47EC-9D14-E91BC6AD8D36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fe342820e33531298ea56d18c0b14f3e87fac448","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3753946,"id":"Q3753946"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"092a1e3d8d21bcf9c826ce178f31adbd014bd6fc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7206909656524658","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2564029$1C66840B-81DF-4550-9C50-B174EEAD86CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e65cdef27e15382fb8245700f1b5128faf0812cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4238508,"id":"Q4238508"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f86287897c58438b86a035e762bc0093b3ee695f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7107545137405396","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2564029$26CCB309-C73A-41F0-AA21-53BFF00EDC9B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The trigonometry of Escher's woodcut ''Circle Limit III''","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_trigonometry_of_Escher%27s_woodcut_%27%27Circle_Limit_III%27%27"}}}}}