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For each \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}^*= \\mathbb{N}\\cup\\{0\\}\\), let \\(Q= \\{Q_n(E): n\\in\\mathbb{N}^*\\}\\) be a sequence of families of subsets of \\(E\\) satisfying (i) \\(\\{0\\}= Q_0(E)\\subset Q_1(E)\\subset\\cdots\\subset Q_h(E)\\subset\\cdots\\), (ii) If \\(A\\in Q_n(E)\\), \\(\\lambda\\in\\mathbb{K}\\) then \\(\\lambda A\\in Q_n(E)\\forall n\\in\\mathbb{N}^*\\), (iii) If \\(A\\in Q_n(E)\\), \\(B\\in Q_m(E)\\) then \\(A+ B\\in Q_{n+m}(E)\\) for every \\(n,m\\in\\mathbb{N}^*\\). Then \\(Q= \\{Q_n(E): n\\in\\mathbb{N}^*\\}\\) is called an approximation scheme on \\(E\\). An infinite sequence \\(\\{M_n\\}\\) of nonzero line are subspaces of \\(E\\) is called a decomposition of \\(E\\) if for every \\(x\\in E\\), there exists a unique sequence \\(\\{y_n\\}\\subset E\\) with \\(y_n\\in M_n\\) \\((n=1,2,\\dots)\\) such that \\(x= \\sum^\\infty_{i=1} y_i\\), the convergence being in the norm topology of \\(E\\).   In this paper, the authors construct an approximation scheme in \\(E\\) with a Schauder decomposition \\(\\{M_n\\}\\) by the family \\({\\mathcal F}(E)\\) of subsets \\({\\mathcal F}_n(E)= \\bigcup_\\xi \\{\\sum_{i\\in\\xi}\\oplus M_i:\\) and \\(\\xi\\leq n\\}\\), of all at most \\(n\\)-superstable elements, i.e., \\(\\sum_{i\\in\\xi}\\oplus M_i= \\{x: x= \\sum_{i\\in\\xi} x_i,\\, x_i\\in M_i\\}\\), with \\({\\mathcal F}_0(E)= \\{0\\}\\). By means of this approximation scheme, they define for every element \\(x\\in E\\) a sequence \\(\\{\\alpha_n(x): n\\in\\mathbb{N}^*\\}\\) of approximation numbers as \\(\\alpha_n(x)= \\inf\\{\\| x- a\\|: a\\in\\sum_{i\\in\\xi}\\oplus M_i\\in{\\mathcal F}_n(E)\\}\\) and study their properties (Propositions 1 and 2). They also study some properties of a subclass of compact sets of type \\(\\ell^p\\) whose sequence of diameters of their projections on the decomposing subspaces is \\(p\\)-summable. Certain characterizations of the spaces \\(S^p\\) of elements of type \\(\\ell^p\\) whose sequence of approximation numbers is \\(p\\)-summable have also been obtained in this 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