{"entities":{"Q2568357":{"pageid":2579100,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2568357","lastrevid":57966801,"modified":"2026-04-03T06:48:36Z","type":"item","id":"Q2568357","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2213081"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$8C43AB7E-7500-489C-89D0-D9493A3E8D84","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"24fcd4e243b1405183a3f7fae8fd87096acec7cb","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$38129B4F-7806-467A-9EA1-672349633602","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ede7479de019d7709198a45cd1fcc7a1187cc52b","datavalue":{"value":"1080.15015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$C8DAC618-CEDE-45CE-82CB-1623CA4312FA","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0972a625c2e662277b0d36c0f59324303563a801","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":869929,"id":"Q869929"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$4550BA44-A586-4DAB-9A06-EF22A33FB046","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$1A35F4C2-9117-4FD1-B482-AA85CA681BBC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"32ad81c392fb16ee79fdc0f71bc6ecae74b0738e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-10-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$CF1F5638-2BFD-416D-A68A-0CF042B415A8","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"009c0f66ad1d15fddfdf2138ae96b0f55da2d7c5","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0508415","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$97A33C98-C4A2-4F8A-BB45-3D0804C8E984","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f9fdd9a5362b6f2861ab6f874e4476ca5833e75c","datavalue":{"value":"The notion of a Leonard pair was recently introduced by \\textit{P. Terwilliger} [Linear Algebra Appl. 330, No. 1--3, 149--203 (2001; Zbl 0980.05054)]. This is a pair of linear transformations \\((A,A^\\ast)\\) on a finite dimensional vector space, such that (i) in some basis \\(A\\) is tridiagonal and \\(A^*\\) diagonal, and (ii) in some other basis \\(A\\) is diagonal and \\(A^*\\) is tridiagonal. It is also assumed that both tridiagonal forms are irreducible, i.e., the sub- and super-diagonal have only nonzero entries.   It is known that for each Leonard pair \\((A,A^\\ast)\\) there exists a split basis, i.e., such a basis, with respect to which the matrix representing one of \\((A,A^\\ast)\\) is lower bidiagonal and the matrix representing the other of \\((A,A^\\ast)\\) is upper bidiagonal [see \\textit{P. Terwilliger}, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 153, No. 1--2, 463--475 (2003; Zbl 1035.05103)].   The paper under review continues with the investigation of Leonard pairs. The author defines two Leonard pairs \\((A,A^\\ast)\\) and \\((B,B^\\ast)\\) to be \\textit{adjacent} if any basis that satisfies the above (i) or (ii) for \\((A,A^\\ast)\\), is a split basis for \\((B,B^\\ast)\\). It is then shown that adjacency is a symmetric relation among Leonard pairs.   The author proceeds by demonstrating that there exists at most three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs on a vector space over a field of characteristic~\\(0\\). An explicit construction is given which proves that the bound three can be obtained. Moreover, the existence of precisely three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs is characterized in terms of the eigenvalues.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$56EA42D2-888F-4117-95E6-522429AAEFE5","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"86467c42076cd02d03efdb91299b004ea1185418","datavalue":{"value":"15A21","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$BD80AE1C-A464-4C8A-A7EC-1EE8F7FFA4BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"98259a5dd4d8db83a95d10edc3bf87986357d020","datavalue":{"value":"05E30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$11ABD09E-2384-4F39-8C5A-3CF91AB89C7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e970d93ffc7c98d538ff001152bd6d8854b6c34c","datavalue":{"value":"15A04","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$B97ABCE5-6B45-4B7D-9EDB-E266CD3842CF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ce8a67d495e1430dfac335acdd90cb3c5ae8ae95","datavalue":{"value":"2213081","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$DCB05DF5-6421-4B19-83E3-BFED457C3EA6","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d15c7c6f6966e7f49bdddc6f5fba82ce3aa1d452","datavalue":{"value":"Leonard pair","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$409D3725-D3B3-4BDB-B45C-4107A1D0B4C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"02efb00fc06a5b9c523c5076f280a8f6735dea15","datavalue":{"value":"tridiagonal form","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$7FE06683-9178-403C-9F02-30E4FDA1607F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2c4368d9d7eb707247b4b3f17926fbba18a6f968","datavalue":{"value":"linear transformations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$CE910D17-77C0-4AF7-A076-2367AFA8B80E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"4e1c1de093efa3b573832541e33189146ffbf3f6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":208130,"id":"Q208130"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$DAAF4F08-E8D9-482A-B99D-017550BE5410","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$70A10BC0-9073-4F62-9665-B1EF84232EF2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"65d28b3cc66238750c1a8b482e9a2a741da37594","datavalue":{"value":"W2049345856","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$5A7944D0-85D7-4FCE-B8D3-5BCEEDED4640","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"86624b169b64a080cec2865134a9561bb49a5a8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5940031,"id":"Q5940031"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$55E7EA69-4903-45E2-A7D0-CEF6C850F213","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bcb6e42057d4ad469983feee8c6256365042082a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1415051,"id":"Q1415051"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$52BD1A12-4A6C-47A8-9B66-F6E445DFBE7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6ea71b241830ccece5a038e95572f4a28c3a58c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2569421,"id":"Q2569421"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$CB5FC7EC-814D-4136-B686-B793B5506D3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8485f7f1f77673c3f62e51b71c87b1951ed99e4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2751983,"id":"Q2751983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$97CF836A-7B72-4941-8059-BE6E678691A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2c117406cfc9a071112b94d9006992514fb64c42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1874183,"id":"Q1874183"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$D941589B-BDBB-40C8-B310-03C4BC110A88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"af243009e3079a2ec9a0c09ea323a981a50c8481","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4762041,"id":"Q4762041"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$CAA9DB04-8257-4C2C-89D1-2AEAECBF041E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7a95a5a425fb215fa25c46fa6314cfa66c5c0423","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1772359,"id":"Q1772359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$226DF969-DE04-4356-85B6-EB8461B80C3D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f6fa3a47eec78636a906554f0faca2e1707ca40e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1766114,"id":"Q1766114"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$88A64219-4B2B-4F8E-87E8-3B78E176FA95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b3b409e403abf2cae7262e491d79627bdb59912d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1434397,"id":"Q1434397"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$69710F3B-4370-414B-96F5-0CD4C296CE55","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"1b8e95c149ec109b904c2ac92fb0db73565d2f08","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.LAA.2005.04.005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2568357$61A37FC4-CA31-4A74-9D38-BD54B7F28013","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"12ae3cf86e3417b84e7b047852cd275a879aa324","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":865461,"id":"Q865461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a9a415ab8330b9e5a097b05cb2dcb34c6285c05d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9030461","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$DE804EA8-6843-4AFC-BDDA-445C760DE404","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4e6e69007ff45c01be4b939fa30731a41969f821","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1874183,"id":"Q1874183"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6c2cc58dfbcc35e23e2fea61e87db8e9cf442f8a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8762797","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$45E816AC-F4F8-4939-8222-02B74A769036","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"231125ef3a56c3f9222f8c4562dd7f57e6e44bc9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1772359,"id":"Q1772359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"635b23f2a955669a395b69f25b99d16581a9081d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8743656","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$87F1DDC6-4913-401A-9DC9-06CBFC54D7DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0110dd195e03314db0b2204cb7956fedc7e11771","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3497901,"id":"Q3497901"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a4872562e0f1a8bf527b70845310f672b592de80","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8491305","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$DA8B8644-5B85-4580-86E7-4DD2ACD53254","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0fe4bbfe2c9f697d455aa03730a93098e71a204d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":636261,"id":"Q636261"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b2861541cc8c3a6ad3a575da97fe55023f2dfe84","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8485516","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$4D8C602D-00A3-45D3-B982-BE9292AEDAE9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8b1e374a5431158b4af9e46f81960d4561c8b461","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2496658,"id":"Q2496658"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"758f3b109e37ddeb8ebe1e7afdc02c07832bd589","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.82839674","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$895EAF7F-EC63-4D90-A84C-98C0385E1708","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9b3fdf7f18f5baea1a810c870024d9d0fbfcea65","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":817646,"id":"Q817646"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7837f39bd9e22d6f31e8250c3a831cf5efd67cc6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8224031","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$68C92F89-4D52-4CED-8FBC-374CA6234C6B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"910637a1a6b1ba0ff33dad264c01ab8a75e3d01e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5217494,"id":"Q5217494"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"68b336492587f92055f5b1d0bb1e4e43fce96c9b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8197297","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$70796C9A-B27E-42D7-91BB-49CA63103DD3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"83311d29ae1dd70f45794dcd627b000b966d9a9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4965581,"id":"Q4965581"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"154b99d7b027edf5adeffdde8b3bec909bae26f9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81836396","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$15B0220A-A599-46D6-BEF3-295B2E26CD66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aed2aec4a50a5bf6211672d7f3beaf3eacd61b30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":471920,"id":"Q471920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7c4b1cedd6476e0be4fd8004e6828a0da812e7e0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81060433","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2568357$6573C995-9068-4373-803C-7E54232295E5","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2568357","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2568357"}}}}}