{"entities":{"Q2570182":{"pageid":2580925,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2570182","lastrevid":73569900,"modified":"2026-04-14T16:29:55Z","type":"item","id":"Q2570182","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Automatic quotients of free groups."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2218005"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$8F0CFE6F-35E7-4789-895D-4AC8A3A52ECD","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"e063c532959c19f8789acf828df56c4d0f49d042","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Automatic quotients of free groups.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$FFCADC57-62B2-4F69-80A0-801DB6392F1B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"cd855421e1d38fabafd0a1201a33a8cf7b7c883b","datavalue":{"value":"1106.20035","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$72BD9966-CB85-4D46-90C9-D8FBE563859B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7627f4908297400f6329af6473fefd47ad5d0942","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":435935,"id":"Q435935"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$56B91A8F-E23D-4513-8D12-5A0CD82B767B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"34a2791b3d9645796ba9cdff19dd05bcf40f0161","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168348,"id":"Q168348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$FB771C5C-6DDE-421C-9152-F7A3727BDEBF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e85745a6397331bcdd0b166a1b54cbb2edc48a75","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-10-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$28C343C3-874A-49BE-B041-9A5A56796EE1","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"57bba02fa75a12f65775d33fbc3af7db78c7ddad","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0305065","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$19B8D8CE-46D9-4CD6-B6B2-C77D6C7786CA","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1c6c0501f2991875d640b9dba60c9d4b1711a804","datavalue":{"value":"An automatic group is a group where group multiplication can be carried out by finite automata. (See, for example, [\\textit{D. B. A. Epstein}, et al., Word processing in groups. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett (1992; Zbl 0764.20017)].) The basic problems about automatic groups are these: Which groups are automatic? In a given automatic group, how simply may the automatic structure be described?   Relative to the second question, the author addresses this open question: Does every (synchronously) automatic group admit a prefix-closed automatic structure with uniqueness? U\\-nique\\-ness requires that the automaton describing group elements produces a unique representative for each group element. The structure is prefix-closed if each prefix of a representative is also a representative of a group element.   Though the author does not answer the question, he does give two interesting characterizations of those groups which admit prefix-closed automatic structures with uniqueness. Both require, among other things, that \\(G\\) be a quotient of a finitely generated free group by a normal subgroup admitting a special kind of language called `linear'. The linear languages lie between the classes called regular and context-free.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$B1BF3602-9B17-4B68-85C3-3733024F70F4","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"639e35a4d8066ba3b320b7c5998ad4d73a0cf431","datavalue":{"value":"20F65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$148B7F4E-8C7E-4E55-8282-28EEEA07B2D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9b78776a56fc28cdd893baa47605a105412b838a","datavalue":{"value":"68Q45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$832D8314-D0B2-435C-A81A-0024E2EF81BB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5608e4dbe85e8f6c220cc8afcea2a4ada066e3fa","datavalue":{"value":"20F05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$9435B55E-6F26-48EE-BE5F-92CA49104476","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8acfec936c9f92116ab04a417b25b0b6b0e8ab90","datavalue":{"value":"20F10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$4075212C-1863-418D-B874-640F139A2288","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e55da67f2c4879e4a7dcc1dd977da3e240bfc1ce","datavalue":{"value":"2218005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$62D828C0-9A20-4B07-8DE5-09BF34021394","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8d227622b114a413a6dfa603588e4cba8547f643","datavalue":{"value":"automatic groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$14F612E5-C70B-4151-84DF-FA06EAFA5D94","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7142d39c3323636bd7cc377526eabf4365b5d436","datavalue":{"value":"regular languages","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$FBD606FE-8FBF-46B0-810D-F8383AC4B84D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4e5842e96f5056f55137d13869603e5116b230b7","datavalue":{"value":"linear languages","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$2FF77B3B-8E6E-4527-96F7-9B3AE171C0F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"795414f846fccd6517b35b46d219d01dfd08d3da","datavalue":{"value":"context-free languages","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$F8A72A12-EC08-4937-B59F-A8AD3FCDCA42","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9f824335b8d46c31e52cfac092279232dd486685","datavalue":{"value":"prefix-closed automatic structures with uniqueness","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$307CB672-3FFC-4E67-A244-6D7F0D659E28","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1ce168c629edaba2c1bde6a38e7cd3692cd460b5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":305125,"id":"Q305125"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$38E84519-28B4-4E10-9596-1075D8F655EE","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$8D7B9436-4C1A-4102-AF74-22A953F8F87B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"7e2a4df710caff8e25b4e5795c1ea0e326827700","datavalue":{"value":"W1969810709","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$EDC0A8CC-7178-4A9A-BB23-4C59BC8FD9CC","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2d768f45917519b28faf5ef25ea5a9b7943a54b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2776334,"id":"Q2776334"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$D15FF584-FB70-424A-8018-B7D5248DBC82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d3b7624eaeb84f8ee60adf5e23d65a789499b852","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4407424,"id":"Q4407424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$56C7EFE2-B67D-4831-A471-60B992A3B583","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bda3489b46b03cce2e2d044b296bd7198c95bbca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4003861,"id":"Q4003861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$8F4D89C1-CA5B-4BE6-90FA-4A4498854A03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b1a4ad88d7c64a4f68e8ebc72c2b1bcc064d3cd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":685453,"id":"Q685453"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$3DDFBD9B-6DE7-485A-B10D-2EA919130D00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f6fbb7bb874a03679ea9edfab39ecd79999ded96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5702490,"id":"Q5702490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$2F06FF8B-4513-4134-8C58-7DD1B76D9F6C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fe929f01fa86af5ec1780a3fd0d8f9ac3346a63b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4714446,"id":"Q4714446"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$F76AD1C7-1CC6-4E12-ABB8-B33E4E32DCC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"af87aaaf4382b28eeb506234d4f196eb23b28a99","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4029107,"id":"Q4029107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$AD54DF5D-4C84-44F4-A186-612C01161289","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3b56c51a2805c159012f8a57b2cdcb3caa5dc925","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2760596,"id":"Q2760596"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$8D5B5A56-C2CB-4729-B7A5-5F01A58D5A81","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ea9183eb22a9e355de6566781eaeffd691c27fcd","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JPAA.2005.02.004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2570182$1BBE33E8-E39D-4E58-A8C0-CFF7BAF578AE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"156b47ddef13f3925bb0b68043ebd96238f5a9f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4407424,"id":"Q4407424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"77ff99eb769bce53690c925ef9dd37fcbe3ae932","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8392565","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$46F5CE60-5EC4-4595-BD96-D43D1C090C85","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"64c1b5cf5d5a00f65a730677fc9ffca6d5069119","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4309729,"id":"Q4309729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ec5bc5b1519ddba83a4cd47c892619fbedff1714","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8303935","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$1E9DB295-9EA4-4582-87BE-20139DCD7ED7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"346c86f2c3c17a380c75e72327b6e368059ab64d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1192222,"id":"Q1192222"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ac01960a1d11f6b21186c3d45846e48e26231856","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8168149","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$85363E64-F825-4BF8-9E2A-E0C0899E2EEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"994941a695ce94c0ef0cad0c3bbdb649a4e2a7b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5316309,"id":"Q5316309"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"72bfc419e4a43954bd7e9df9672cbc2bde8e23ad","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81407005","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$4D1CCD0D-0CA6-4466-AAE6-7C1A2642ACC4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4fbd453db42959a6c2354737e725f95a6c189405","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4817729,"id":"Q4817729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"80a3625ed08d5fed8ed45ad70ffa881645a687c3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8073986","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$78B2AC59-29F4-4E63-9AE9-98754177C460","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5105fc2ba6512ee34b99dccc9c1386243b01b3c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5265056,"id":"Q5265056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7aa2421bcb1aaf4cddde2ad3757c84018fae45f1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79708457","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$E843C199-F324-45E1-8652-12CC0C79771A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d6aa021aaadd82f645a3bb53620e274dc3d7ff6a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4704557,"id":"Q4704557"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65b2413df9343464b92dc10e4b4ae2c1633bcafb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79367787","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$34DF25E5-9004-49FD-B407-2CF7F29E360F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3f2d420599a4349ff6ca591d9a6f427b09307a54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2244819,"id":"Q2244819"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"01b93b012687fdd4048cf8467456aa5f7736a44c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7933785","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$7F7AA508-840F-418A-8BAA-54430E8EE332","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a61e0f1077b652a76067b31852e09129401619c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3548599,"id":"Q3548599"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"43b61842f3e2627b2985fa1df4cd74d8fccb4cda","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79318094","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$7629C518-3B42-45F4-B9E0-FBA09C430C30","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"12f228c187c2771bc97910c1fd4645f2347cb000","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5178459,"id":"Q5178459"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b108a9b6b1514efed3cc1db5f37f6193b438d230","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7924949","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2570182$09ECE29E-9CA8-47AD-93AB-542CDE2C44A3","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Automatic quotients of free groups.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Automatic_quotients_of_free_groups."}}}}}