{"entities":{"Q2574509":{"pageid":2585252,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2574509","lastrevid":44382420,"modified":"2025-11-22T12:44:55Z","type":"item","id":"Q2574509","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Ergodicity for SDEs and approximations: locally Lipschitz vector fields and degenerate noise."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2233704"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$04CF45BB-6511-487C-A32E-62EFEC261A6A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"dbcf458d8b38c58a317b5cdad8272791658f5737","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Ergodicity for SDEs and approximations: locally Lipschitz vector fields and degenerate noise.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$F7373474-7EAE-48E6-B64B-BA5301AA81EF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a9662503b91a4a13490f67798109ef716cda3083","datavalue":{"value":"1075.60072","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$9C3EFC91-F31F-4B33-B9E8-6547FB25E370","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"94699e174ca5abb1b0c53a0e26608c1166c63592","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0304-4149(02)00150-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$A202A3D5-BA9A-4DFE-8590-361E325A9EF6","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"39f9aeaa42d1466a335247f0e144d5b09c4528b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":390251,"id":"Q390251"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$F61E71F6-079E-4C91-8189-F54E2C3BFA40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3ea229d402ded9f4d2f5d70769d1e3af0103b572","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":338598,"id":"Q338598"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$5B2334C9-C7BC-4260-ABA8-15AA1997A5D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"80e7db55f11ce5614ec57215171a9a3282f3d874","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":243094,"id":"Q243094"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$D1C810E5-99F7-438C-931D-EC396B3F87FB","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"0a7f38bff7197b9d5228d1d2cd340d5028d13b61","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":61365,"id":"Q61365"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$DBEAC3F9-8195-49E2-9533-8F192021C417","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"16707be21d380c0b939bdd4a2101c525b4135865","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-11-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$B70234A8-5D23-4613-A2C0-ECC8F2ED01AD","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d94fbee09253e9a808eb8d3ed086461f3d37d39f","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(x\\) be a Markov process on \\(\\mathbb R^ {d}\\) with a transition function \\(P_ {t}\\). Consider the following two hypotheses: (1) There exist a compact set \\(C\\subset \\mathbb R^ {d}\\) with a non-empty interior and a point \\(y\\in \\operatorname {Int}(C)\\) such that, for any open neighbourhood \\(U\\ni y\\), there is a time \\(\\tilde t\\) satisfying \\(P_ {\\tilde t}(x,U)>0\\) for all \\(x\\in C\\). Moreover, the function \\(P_ {t}\\) restricted to \\(C\\times {\\mathcal B}(C)\\) admits a density \\(p_ {t}\\) continuous on \\(C\\times C\\), for all \\(t\\geq 0\\). (Note that this assumption implies the well known minorization condition.) (2) Let \\((x_ {n})\\) be a Markov chain corresponding to the kernel \\(P_ {T}\\) for some fixed \\(T>0\\). Assume there exist a function \\(V:\\mathbb R^ {d}\\to \\mathopen [1,\\infty \\mathclose [\\) and constants \\(\\alpha \\in \\mathopen ]0,1\\mathclose [\\), \\(\\beta \\in \\mathopen [0,\\infty \\mathclose [\\) such that \\(V(x)\\to \\infty \\) as \\(| x| \\to \\infty \\) and \\(\\mathbf E[V(x_ {n+1})\\mid {\\mathcal F}_ {n}] \\leq \\alpha V(x_ {n}) + \\beta \\), \\({\\mathcal F}_ {n}\\) being the \\(\\sigma \\)-algebra generated by \\(x_ 1,\\ldots ,x_ {n}\\). (Note that this assumption is satisfied if \\(AV\\leq -aV + b\\) on \\(\\mathbb R^ {d}\\) for some \\(a,b>0\\), where \\(A\\) is the generator of the process \\(x\\)). Suppose that for some \\(T>0\\) the embedded chain \\((x_ {n})\\) obeys Hypotheses (1), (2), with the choice \\(C = \\{x;\\; V(x)\\leq 2\\beta (\\gamma - \\alpha )^ {-1} \\}\\), for some \\(\\gamma \\in \\mathopen ]\\alpha ^ {1/2},1\\mathclose [\\). Then there exists a unique invariant measure \\(\\pi \\) for the chain \\((x_ {n})\\) and the chain is geometrically ergodic, that is, \\(| \\mathbf E_ {z} f(x_ {n})-\\pi (f)| \\leq Kr^ {n}V(z)\\) for some \\(K\\geq 0\\), \\(r\\in \\mathopen ]0,1\\mathclose [\\), all \\(z\\in \\mathbb R^ {d}\\) and all measurable functions \\(f\\) such that \\(| f| \\leq V\\) on \\(\\mathbb R^ {d}\\). This theorem follows from more general results which may be found in [\\textit{S.\\ Meyn} and \\textit{R.\\ Tweedie}, ``Markov chains and stochastic stability'' (1993; Zbl 0925.60001)], but to keep the paper self-contained the authors provide an independent proof. The main aim of the paper is to show that the theorem may be applied to several interesting classes of Markov processes defined by stochastic differential equations whose drift is only locally Lipschitz and diffusion matrix may be degenerate.  First, a second-order stochastic differential equation \\(dq = p\\,dt\\), \\(dp = -(\\gamma p +\\nabla F(q))\\,dt + \\sigma \\,dW\\), where \\(W\\) is a \\(d\\)-dimensional Wiener process, \\(\\gamma >0\\) and \\(\\sigma \\) is an invertible matrix, is studied. It is proven that the process \\((q(t),p(t))\\) is geometrically ergodic, provided \\(F\\) is a nonnegative \\(C^ \\infty \\)-function and \\(\\langle \\nabla F(q),q\\rangle /2 \\geq \\beta F(q) +\\gamma ^ 2(8-8\\beta )^ {-1} \\beta (2-\\beta )\\| q\\| ^ 2 - \\alpha \\) for some \\(\\alpha >0\\) and \\(\\beta \\in \\mathopen ]0,1\\mathclose [\\). Further, an equation \\(dx = Y(x)\\,dt + \\Sigma \\,dW\\) is considered, where \\(W\\) is now an \\(m\\)-dimensional Wiener process, \\(m\\leq d\\), the columns of the matrix \\(\\Sigma \\) are linearly independent, and the drift is either dissipative, \\(\\langle Y(x),x\\rangle \\leq \\alpha -\\beta \\| x\\| ^ 2\\) for some \\(\\alpha ,\\beta >0\\), or of a gradient type, \\(Y = \\nabla F\\). Suitable additional assumptions are found so that geometric ergodicity may be established.  In the second part of the paper, the effect of time discretization on these stochastic differential equations is investigated and ergodicity for several approximation methods is proved. The main difficulty comes from the fact that the Lyapunov condition (2) is sensitive to the choice of a discretization method if the drift is not globally Lipschitz, and is inherited only by specially constructed implicit discretizations.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$F52CEE9A-67F2-4B4D-91C1-E77563B6D5EE","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"3a974afa3f85fdde7d715ae15f29240c81a03f4c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587818,"id":"Q587818"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$B60B9F00-6051-41EE-9232-8A8F1E04C4A4","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b1355fbb4f7dce5b1a2a667a659d4b16ecef07e4","datavalue":{"value":"60H10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$C65DCC47-AF02-4CCA-AA88-1E7D7B932B4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c5ceb18f65bc82337879ce60b200a02edc7b3293","datavalue":{"value":"60J35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$D608208A-83E1-43A2-9DD0-EDED3BD625A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"52d550137ef2aa5d9737ff164f6a8e6e118f84bc","datavalue":{"value":"65C30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$0E421F18-49AE-4C00-B584-4B426533BDF6","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"60ef9f8190122a047310da1cc3995fd57260df7a","datavalue":{"value":"2233704","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$78168F87-768B-4E28-825F-F7358E10AF10","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"27c0b32e7784770503f10ea6fe453fd8a441e0cb","datavalue":{"value":"stochastic differential equations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$FBC71D4D-371D-4801-9085-C9138798D757","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"52be6c7ea408d5c5f67d01903f31a6498eb97f66","datavalue":{"value":"invariant measure","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$37C2DEE9-1F3B-4278-AD99-7A182A34734A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f2e001e0bb95e027ed6fd3cfa5f9a98d3170b806","datavalue":{"value":"geometric ergodicity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$7952DDB5-CDD9-4E5B-A3CC-AD3DC160BE63","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6343edc1d366a19e889216d07e8425673dec0a38","datavalue":{"value":"time discretization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$0E22C151-A9DA-4980-86B3-A3CEE02B8B85","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"a709ac7c97c67049e241e0b036253f1d955c589a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":13313,"id":"Q13313"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$E5BCE2FD-DF44-4366-9F30-6A482793F464","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$E48E6B79-11D7-4CB2-A1A0-EA14A6B14029","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2b7102c5f701ce13fbaaaa24060de4d7dc519d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4727155,"id":"Q4727155"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$85D0F683-AD42-4B91-9421-77ED977D2A02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"777c6cc91acb1b7d195f509cef1aa20b81783e99","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3834799,"id":"Q3834799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$BD80E3B0-1BB9-403C-86D1-D98821396C34","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8f6bba0025c6015f11ce80ae91866b05f2ec7f13","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1917197,"id":"Q1917197"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$F3D430A6-0414-4883-BAD9-669D31A5FFA7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"93539251b589fc38f9a5c024056e4425063869a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4889556,"id":"Q4889556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$B066AA1A-BFBF-4C5E-BF13-B8FC47801772","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b737e22b66a0c5baf8bec304db63a4a655543c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4790259,"id":"Q4790259"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$06F9486D-E647-4678-959C-9C3D4F84ABB8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"65eac0510a29cbb1db6cc8159b6ed730839aed45","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4836151,"id":"Q4836151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$19EFCE9C-5AE6-4D16-B5E2-09ADF0F41DFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a9c7d00125aff686845b7761b2afebfb3ae89baf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1824286,"id":"Q1824286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$19238EFF-44DD-4763-B3D0-341F6FAFD356","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b5e1bb4e6c8e2c1ce5d182174f0848771c2f036b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4881328,"id":"Q4881328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$5CE05551-5E22-443F-B58D-CC28A295C2E0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"55733325dd5e58dd08c5b25ff119594ac5f75c4b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4039920,"id":"Q4039920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$2E8CC120-0279-4BB0-9962-66596A003B7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7764b1f40e97a8d8972fbaa412fe714a6b68a89c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4039910,"id":"Q4039910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$EC68B030-6EFA-4672-A889-21E38D71E26B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4071856232205acdfb999b52ec335d1f64df8d25","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":579767,"id":"Q579767"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$9A3560C1-26D0-41A8-AE29-E4331847D9EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"58acb8b09d080727d857b1ad4866c6017343ca44","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3357211,"id":"Q3357211"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$5B788A7C-80E7-4D62-BD71-411C291696EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a9e9f759a05bfb54f5ae7097de833fde22dde3ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4197143,"id":"Q4197143"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$9280B264-36F7-43E3-A20A-4A6C4432B795","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3d219f4bf0f2f4aa6b3de60a8e7a7bd737cc918","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4938929,"id":"Q4938929"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$0FDE155C-6BBF-401F-882B-FCE90160022D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a0f9fb6a4b2248f71eca3961f4b7bce789bebfe9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4338975,"id":"Q4338975"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$DFABE846-880A-4746-86F5-DA235FDB9733","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0554f3dccbfc464e5a97829a436da1550d935054","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":689061,"id":"Q689061"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$1FAF1D0E-6458-49B9-90F0-BC3664DBAF89","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"59e89f871329643d4aa3b8e56995c0ea376a1bf7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4014076,"id":"Q4014076"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$F52F94D2-8D84-4CD0-9791-0A5B1821E419","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec3c40428c449c4c3b0666a11545c16d31205b69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3749860,"id":"Q3749860"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$175A7B77-7930-4329-8EDE-816D6D5D26FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d110e49923a2a6e7df49adf9ec5c77461b6e5889","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4048325,"id":"Q4048325"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$C8561F9D-35B1-4728-9E53-3FEAD3F1E4D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8fbb249a5b2a4a802b6fea3c11da6ec60a8d3720","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4534847,"id":"Q4534847"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$358CDEEE-F40D-4747-84FE-3503E6E28211","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f6e3548af896c484564de7ed4a7229ecacc13ec7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4214235,"id":"Q4214235"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$9503A420-21F1-4A44-A6BD-6F181F26A0D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"efa4a75305400705f1690179d7250dbb3a49e674","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1353419,"id":"Q1353419"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$7B8BA003-9DA5-4567-8D5E-81104A4168A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7673175e64ca4ac5febb6ddad9be06b26391e940","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1593619,"id":"Q1593619"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$B9CBA33C-9D2D-4171-BCDB-6EE44D811CFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9747eab2ead8fbbc51187fd666f6a73a82808d47","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4492756,"id":"Q4492756"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$6B2A699C-0548-49D6-A9C0-FBC4BFB1630C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e329e6254f4224052d578a2164776580ec2fc93","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4844189,"id":"Q4844189"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$692274CE-A0A9-4341-8F63-92F73C690216","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"61edcd70095df74d14beaf1281428e7308eba801","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1300093,"id":"Q1300093"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$C58CCC01-A2FB-46A7-B30A-2BF4E9FB70BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"251e957f252b0647fa726382e33e9a793df7e9cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4509628,"id":"Q4509628"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$43E5BEE0-9997-4686-8CF6-E2829A8ACB1D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d54fc0784eba7aef12faf6f8d7beb3d0cd866f47","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1836202,"id":"Q1836202"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$6564E1AB-D9BC-49D0-A048-F130D97810A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"03991f6268e92666a482840cf2777210620bda12","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1961832,"id":"Q1961832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$30967B04-0546-4ABE-B044-E52372B5A032","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c3ced96623b8b09d4d771bf17ff5c110e0f3f7d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1961834,"id":"Q1961834"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$A3FA2195-95B4-4DA0-A917-3D4B2B10ACAC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0a00d1e166967671214faf93fd9d188345a531df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1052746,"id":"Q1052746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$A9024B12-D311-4476-92E4-34C26188B9CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2f728d49897fb3b800c7f93db1b373813e343a19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5670045,"id":"Q5670045"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$013C273E-522C-4C7D-8B94-3494206E1249","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"83464ba923f566740ed9be912aaf3c7b7b85b82b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4333039,"id":"Q4333039"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$44138F58-4523-4F1B-AB16-7DAFC1AFAA59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"46638e79abd035599141aa0b0ab2e5a98fe6b9bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3473913,"id":"Q3473913"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$BCD8A3FF-7DD5-4B2E-92FC-688117A9B970","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"49e9966bd4897455d1a37ec5ee3fe1aa4e9464b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3977639,"id":"Q3977639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$EBC7BC0A-CCA8-4762-9B70-30F9DCDF3B49","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c9b7bcd76a4b2d89b86a9210666e87fc17c7224c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4786851,"id":"Q4786851"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$BB9174A0-4B31-4DEE-84A3-D167C0D24B78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"13d326418c84ff1fe94429c912beef4341587066","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1933849,"id":"Q1933849"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$0A4AE985-2BE9-4536-B3B3-FEBB1992ACA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3cf6be6ed74a5fe931e29c14ea938e4aa65f0e91","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1275955,"id":"Q1275955"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$88913E79-C84C-40D5-A220-DD4059362B54","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9c7d58ff730061a9a8eb65115f904ac9546c1d84","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4149(02)00150-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$9B7FC69B-95AA-44CD-AFE6-E7FF785436EA","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"499da76981a031863cdb9b81a37e9087ec063b7f","datavalue":{"value":"W2104049095","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2574509$2BE216B1-2A2E-47E6-B909-AC74D4A5722C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f7dae6a9f27ff0f97acdcb87299fbc61e2b643e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4687745,"id":"Q4687745"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"81a2f7b7eb10c9d10fafa26ba25659e5d7354d29","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9239418","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$E9808FAE-4FCC-4660-929A-6EA227FF221B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ff7e718b248aead9636a281fa58695d51ce16021","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3529226,"id":"Q3529226"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"014cfb89df723ef364facbaeb81c08d277b535c9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9191037","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$AE13C80A-2960-4B67-8575-4476B9899051","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1f9959e2a4116d1cc8f161793db13240cfb2b71c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4853153,"id":"Q4853153"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9a6aee7b2d16594bdf5b177b1b6fff24334b2235","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8993063","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$9A5A075C-0CE7-49C9-BCE9-FF96494844A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5160be4b1ce530e315208214ad04eb1bdc3f8161","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2438291,"id":"Q2438291"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"73a2a95e446b61726ad5cdb45b2f78469d52272e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89888954","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$14C37822-BBD9-47BF-8E61-F1235AE8D2DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e5bd6182d40f09926fa7599061b9fc16582174b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5120751,"id":"Q5120751"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4a074fc20b6ec38ca601edb0449128a417aeeb74","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8972654","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$8E51A72F-B063-436C-AFC4-ED1C7AC48228","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a38fed6c95c3f07bfdbb60bfd663ca1b45050c72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1415377,"id":"Q1415377"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9d63e149636653b5717d8763848328d194f9b402","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89188385","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$0FC423C1-181C-4D03-8C72-05F82100B604","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a044e296b8cbcd5043756e3073f52bcc206092ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3600615,"id":"Q3600615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e9a872864cf1a6556ec16f0911799d0311d5bfb1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8916386","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$44C4A172-C881-46DC-BEC1-D4AC299D840F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"072f3eb9ed7dbb1afd5441d25b258973a0d5da20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4418804,"id":"Q4418804"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"39d731a59f06660dc315df9396c892945afddc39","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8916112","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$191A1C12-43EF-4D2A-AFC6-D0E700C830F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9ae398b4a0efdeb65fc2ebffe1cf873d356167c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3179338,"id":"Q3179338"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"59b1f2a86fc5864e7052350d41f2f9aa3a6931ec","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8880609","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2574509$FCEA087F-709F-4B64-B3C6-E1FD4DC595C3","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2574509","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2574509"}}}}}