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The authors consider the following quantities: \\[ \\begin{aligned} b_1(N)&=\\dim(H_1(N;\\mathbb{R})), \\\\ k(N)&=\\dim(\\ker (x_N)),\\\\ r(N)&=\\frac{k(N)}{b_1(N)}\\ (\\text{when}\\ b_1(N)>0),\\\\ \\widehat{r}(N)&=\\sup_{\\widetilde{N}\\in \\mathcal{C}(N)}\\ r(\\widetilde{N}),\\\\ \\rho(N)&=\\inf_{\\widehat{N}\\in \\mathcal{C}^{\\text{sub}}(N)}\\ r(\\widehat{N}), \\\\ \\widehat{\\rho}(N)&=\\sup_{\\widetilde{N}\\in \\mathcal{C}(N)}\\ \\rho(\\widetilde{N}). \\end{aligned} \\] Here $\\mathcal{C}(N)$ denotes all finite regular covers $\\widetilde{N}$ of $N$, and $\\mathcal{C}^{\\text{sub}}(N)$ denotes all finite subregular covers $\\widehat{N}$ of $N$. \\par Then the authors prove the following trichotomy of an aspherical $3$-manifold $N$ with empty or toroidal boundary: \\begin{itemize} \\item[1.] $N$ is a graph manifold if and only if $\\widehat{\\rho}(N)=1$ (Seifert manifolds and Sol $3$-manifolds are also counted as graph manifolds). \\item[2.] $N$ is a mixed manifold if and only if $\\widehat{r}(N)>\\widehat{\\rho}(N)=0$. \\item[3.] $N$ is a hyperbolic manifold if and only if $\\widehat{r}(N)=0$. \\end{itemize} Note that by definition, $1\\geq \\widehat{r}(N)\\geq \\widehat{\\rho}(N)\\geq 0$ always holds. \\par For a hyperbolic $3$-manifold $N$, $\\widehat{r}(N)=0$ directly follows from that all $\\mathbb{Z}^2$ subgroups of $\\pi_1(N)$ are peripheral. The graph and mixed manifold cases require more work and they rely on the following two statements. \\begin{itemize} \\item[1.] For a graph manifold $N$ and any $\\epsilon>0$, there exists a finite regular cover $\\widehat{N}$ of $N$ such that any finite cover $\\overline{N}$ of $\\widehat{N}$ satisfies $r(\\overline{N})>1-\\epsilon$. \\item[2.] For a mixed manifold $N$ and any $\\epsilon>0$, there exists a finite subregular cover $\\overline{N}$ of $N$ such that $r(\\overline{N})<\\epsilon$. \\end{itemize} In both the graph manifold and the mixed manifold case, it is important to analyse some quantity for their Seifert (for graph manifold) and hyperbolic (for mixed manifold) pieces. For a geometric piece $N_v$ of $N$, the important quantity is \\[ c(N_v)=\\dim(\\operatorname{coker}(H_1(\\partial N_v;\\mathbb{R})\\to H_1(N_v;\\mathbb{R}))). \\] Making $c(N_v)$ big is always a desired condition to prove the above two results. The difference is that, in the Seifert case, $c(N_v)$ is big implies that many cohomology classes supported in the interior of $N_v$ have vanishing Thurston seminorms; while in the hyperbolic case, $c(N_v)$ is big implies that many cohomology classes supported in the interior of $N_v$ have positive Thurston seminorms. The Seifert case follows from a classical topological construction of finite cover; while the hyperbolic case follows from the deep cube complex machinery, in particular the largeness of hyperbolic $3$-manifold 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