{"entities":{"Q2632326":{"pageid":2643069,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2632326","lastrevid":57353499,"modified":"2026-03-30T15:06:49Z","type":"item","id":"Q2632326","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Sex determination of three-dimensional skull based on improved backpropagation neural network"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7054171"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$6583ED3D-D61E-4AEE-A31C-03765CA0E0A5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"bd65249a387becc55472f4e7422895e02f7285bb","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Sex determination of three-dimensional skull based on improved backpropagation neural network","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$34D77D3D-7466-4C48-BB0E-30494AF00731","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"595839b9b981b0c0b4ad57fc9f909c4fc44ffbe3","datavalue":{"value":"1423.92188","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$FEB850E5-6E11-49FE-83E7-177152679F89","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"74ef7fa00803f941ab55d086b17e69a706e7a07a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2019/9163547","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$3C66CA97-05B9-414A-9F08-3DFA0B9430C5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e59d58804228a77b9fa78eac7c0e6e39e0f3c8c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":340641,"id":"Q340641"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$3C985F48-C349-4237-B0AB-D2BA71A9760E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"60aa67ec2fbeae95be8130eb60274a0c607a4380","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2632323,"id":"Q2632323"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$ECE2CE30-8CAD-4ABB-B188-5CAFD7D3C127","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2780e74487bb3b74065e56d84458ccfbedbfb809","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2632324,"id":"Q2632324"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$3583931E-93DB-4327-9EFF-09070437E48A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4c15960f07dc763b0ba57d2e26b6c32d697b5ef4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2632325,"id":"Q2632325"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$133B9539-7A7C-4470-8059-975070D5CE82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"741211c646be05674cc8571cd94d7a7221143967","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":738402,"id":"Q738402"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$EA21C328-8985-4B70-B87B-828AC0274EF6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b57b15e65d5c4577de4b904331ea96e8c9abc40f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":304323,"id":"Q304323"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$DD493537-D6AB-4610-A741-23DDCA1D59B8","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ae2a137607979ebaa11579b7aa87d8ebbaf2710b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":278087,"id":"Q278087"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$2E620C4A-43F5-4926-AA65-28398AA543CF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"806d909efd185de8b43d0bff5fc25ad8e867177c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$CE1264A4-01BD-4847-A26D-E00BA82BF4CC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7ef1ed13898bd59bdab9e499679cda7a762bd31c","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Sex determination from skeletons is a significant step in the analysis of forensic anthropology. Previous skeletal sex assessments were analyzed by anthropologists' subjective vision and sexually dimorphic features. In this paper, we proposed an improved backpropagation neural network (BPNN) to determine gender from skull. It adds the momentum term to improve the convergence speed and avoids falling into local minimum. The regularization operator is used to ensure the stability of the algorithm, and the Adaboost integration algorithm is used to improve the generalization ability of the model. 267 skulls were used in the experiment, of which 153 were females and 114 were males. Six characteristics of the skull measured by computer-aided measurement are used as the network inputs. There are two structures of BPNN for experiment, namely, \\([6; 6; 2]\\) and \\([6; 12; 2]\\), of which the \\([6; 12; 2]\\) model has better average accuracy. While \\(\\eta =0.5\\) and \\(\\alpha =0.9\\), the classification accuracy is the best. The accuracy rate of the training stage is 97.232\\%, and the mean squared error (MSE) is 0.01; the accuracy rate of the testing stage is 96.764\\%, and the MSE is 1.016. Compared with traditional methods, it has stronger learning ability, faster convergence speed, and higher classification accuracy.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$EC767F9E-ADF6-4EE7-A92B-0B49AEDC2DC1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e402ef99c8e0f5ecec9caa212271be1d3e4c4885","datavalue":{"value":"92C55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$5E134268-A4BE-4E9C-BB97-B0E02DEA1AB6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c061e4e7ae883786725eafc8628fcf7f3e822514","datavalue":{"value":"92-08","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$38A8B943-5005-4676-86B6-89B69276DF00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"cfe779e91fe9c53ee133568259955801965765ae","datavalue":{"value":"68T05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$A2BE9B51-695C-49FA-9BC0-C856D4D2AE2C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c5d2b02894d50a96207b6fe5fcb50ed74f37c915","datavalue":{"value":"7054171","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$C4A8526A-E923-4062-B146-9CE7AC7C3419","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f5bf121d2d062edd6b18c5eb9c5e1a41d9ba8a61","datavalue":{"value":"skull","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$2413EA70-BC67-4915-A9C8-8D8410626387","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b22f7e4bd37a90d8e97e13fbc0cca17b7f179132","datavalue":{"value":"sex determination","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$76B748C2-426C-4BBA-8C3E-F96BAB20B084","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"34354521b3ba1942b269a92bcb8fdd692f9736b1","datavalue":{"value":"backpropagation neural network","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$04022622-3336-4EA7-8F06-D1C68E809455","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"85d3d4e5f0bcd193253e0e9d7b97a0dd027ebb5b","datavalue":{"value":"Q61818522","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$8797EE89-36B0-416D-BD86-0A084D265279","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"af9778babdf371da25cfdaf57246102daa314986","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":19410,"id":"Q19410"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$C7927370-BBEF-4F53-BD5C-D8D0FA8F9D6F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$2F2FEB0A-0799-4C6C-BED5-1CCCFAFDC978","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"81e370f0f2428473d22a5c75e09765a65fa0ab5a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9163547","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$76C15E05-DB23-4786-8E1A-95488A7CEBD2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"5170e4f6e101b1c54a062d188937327bd588ca13","datavalue":{"value":"W2909119511","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$7F24A7E4-1947-46C5-B5BE-60CCD5A1F3D6","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1c48cc560b409d49a8557b49c60f6d76bde09c8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5354403,"id":"Q5354403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$4BAB6765-02AD-412E-B42E-A3B4A2C3D62B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eacb06a9f14b475fd1237e7e4e709a49fffd31b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5341248,"id":"Q5341248"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$B9DD391E-BD65-4E1A-B2FD-FBB3914C42D9","rank":"normal"}],"P1635":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1635","hash":"03eb059b97ecb739a6941910ff78cfc0528af009","datavalue":{"value":"journals/cmmm/YangLWHGF19","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$097F3EDD-396F-4FCE-BEE6-815A1E8D74E7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"482dfe643544c5027d7cbdd662f2b7244feb72a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2262079,"id":"Q2262079"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ede418b22928bcdcf2f6ef6d297cafdcff3edb3f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7705603241920471","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2632326$45357108-EB2B-49D3-9510-249599DB6B76","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f640a4b31cc6ceee8d5d54cca1a351a7cfcd0695","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1734396,"id":"Q1734396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"990e96c86b0e2dae0ba9463ca33897319009adaa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.749000608921051","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2632326$A4A04077-8E00-4967-908B-85883FEBF1A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"40d5c10f08528a1ecd0aea791e8065f6066059f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4201420,"id":"Q4201420"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f61f2e918c87f4a14cbff0209165c6705dc2603f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6024433374404907","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2632326$E4B5921E-0DB1-4E79-927F-208BD2C68717","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"17714ecc7262e297acc20995eac3d2bbce697c2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3402681,"id":"Q3402681"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a036d60ca333c38dff1b91451b312bf8a31983c5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5973951816558838","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2632326$AA93EFE3-46BD-49ED-8A1B-300A1E29E48C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c6c5116e8fe9ff378c595e74348ebad20f499714","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2713475,"id":"Q2713475"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d5302ca6f667f62b81cac4107a9159005c7dae31","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5970379114151001","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2632326$967B5426-11A0-450D-A309-71FB01560EBC","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2632326$CE920340-497B-41C8-B6CE-F1880EAB0F94","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2632326","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2632326"}}}}}