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The work under review provides a second-variation formula for \\(\\mathcal{W}\\) along the K\u00e4hler-Ricci flow, respectively, along the modified K\u00e4hler-Ricci flow on a Fano variety.  In order to formulate the result precisely, let us recall that for an arbitrary compact oriented Riemannian manifold \\((X,g)\\) of \\(\\dim _{\\mathbb R} X = 2n\\) and an arbitrary smooth real valued function \\(f\\) on \\(X\\), Perelman's \\(\\mathcal{W}\\)-functional is defined (up to a constant) as \\(\\mathcal{W} (g,f) := \\int _X 2H(g,f) e^{-f} dV_g\\), where \\(2H(g,f) := 2 \\Delta _g f - |\\nabla _gf|^2_g + \\text{Scal} _g + 2f - 2n\\). On a Fano manifold \\((X, J_0)\\) let us consider the K\u00e4hler-Ricci flow \\((\\widehat{g}_t ) _{t \\geq 0}\\) with \\(\\frac{d}{dt} \\widehat{g}_t = - \\text{Ric} ( \\widehat{g}_t ) + \\widehat{g}_t\\), its associated symplectic form \\(\\widehat{\\omega} _t := \\widehat{g}_t J_0 \\in 2 \\pi c_1 (X)\\) and the Riemannian curvature operator \\(\\text{Rm} _{g_t} \\in C^{\\infty} (X, \\text{End} ( \\Lambda ^2 T_X))\\). Denote by \\(( \\widehat{f}_t) _{t \\in [0, T]}\\) the solution of Perelman's backwards heat equation \\(2 \\frac{d}{dt} \\widehat{f}_t = - \\Delta _{\\widehat{g}_t} \\widehat{f}_t + | \\nabla _{\\widehat{g}_t} \\widehat{f}_t|^2 _{\\widehat{g}_t} - \\text{Scal} _{\\widehat{g}_t} + 2n\\) and put \\(\\alpha := \\widehat{\\omega} - \\text{Ric} - i \\partial \\overline{\\partial} \\widehat{f}\\), \\(A := \\overline{\\partial} \\nabla \\widehat{f}\\). Making use of integration by parts along the K\u00e4hler-Ricci flow, the author derives the second-variation identity  \\[  \\frac{d\\mathcal{W}}{dt^2} = \\int _X \\left[ 2 \\langle \\alpha \\text{Rm}, \\alpha \\rangle + 2 |\\nabla \\widehat{H}|^2 - |\\nabla \\alpha ^*|^2 - |\\nabla A|^2 \\right] e^{ - \\widehat{f}} d V_{\\widehat{g}}.  \\]  Let \\(( \\Psi _t ) _{t \\in [0, T]}\\) be the flow of diffeomorphisms, given by the equation \\(2 \\frac{d}{dt} \\Psi _t = - ( \\nabla _{\\widehat{g}_t} \\widehat{f}_t) \\circ \\Psi _t\\), \\(g_t := \\Psi ^* _t \\widehat{g}_t\\), \\(J_t := \\Psi ^* _t J_0\\) for the complex structure \\(J_0\\) on \\(X\\) at time \\(t=0\\), \\(\\omega _t := \\Psi ^*_t \\widehat{\\omega} _t\\), \\(f_t := \\widehat{f}_t \\circ \\Psi _t\\). By means of Perelman's version of the twice contracted Bianchi identity, the author derives the second variation formula  \\[  \\frac{d\\mathcal{W}}{dt^2} = \\int _X \\left[ 2 \\langle \\dot{\\omega}_t.\\text{Rm} _{g_t}, \\dot{\\omega }_t \\rangle _t + 2 | \\nabla _t H_t|^2_t - | \\nabla _t \\dot{g}_t |^2 _t \\right] e^{ - \\widehat{f}_0} d V_{\\widehat{g}_0}  \\]  along the modified K\u00e4hler-Ricci flow \\((X, J_t, \\omega _t) _{t \\in [0, 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