{"entities":{"Q2639360":{"pageid":2650103,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2639360","lastrevid":44536713,"modified":"2025-11-23T16:45:29Z","type":"item","id":"Q2639360","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The Hadamard-Cartan theorem in locally convex metric spaces"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4184354"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$928D4983-CE4C-4565-8EC8-B3650B509794","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"72d07c2886cd6f94d1554b72ae6914d5b03a7609","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The Hadamard-Cartan theorem in locally convex metric spaces","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$8A9915E4-FF4E-4764-8017-26EEA97AA871","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"72d142ae70291f663c568c2df3b37ebed622dde9","datavalue":{"value":"0718.53055","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$BF276213-32D3-4694-869F-4CB3CF9C587B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f663e016f024c77e75cecb164174f7e5ba56f31e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":323656,"id":"Q323656"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$8DE32CE7-F408-447F-839B-FBCD104F49DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"06db93c8724fda2c8aab155e58748d05ac2f222b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":323655,"id":"Q323655"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$A0C58647-2B86-4C31-BA3C-930094013DE3","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"190f08128b991df2a0ad2bbf0d84e95f751f56d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":246266,"id":"Q246266"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$12214C92-8A9F-45B8-8F20-64C380CDF6E4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$AA13E4F6-CE9B-4636-BD2D-C57F81E52BF0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"6f2a61468cd757161f5e1ac445c4298e8c9384ee","datavalue":{"value":"\\textit{M. Gromov} [Hyperbolic manifolds, groups and actions, Ann. Math. Stud. 97, 183-213 (1981; Zbl 0467.53035)] generalized the Hadamard-Cartan theorem from Riemannian manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature to a wider class of metric space in which the notion of sectional curvature is not introduced (see below). A metric space is said to be geodesic if it contains a shortest curve between any two points, and such a geodesic space is locally convex if every point has a neighborhood such that the distance d(\\(\\alpha\\) (t),\\(\\beta\\) (t)), (t\\(\\in [0,1])\\), is convex for any two geodesics \\(\\alpha\\) and \\(\\beta\\) in the neighborhood. Then it can be proven that a locally convex, complete geodesic space has no conjugate points, and this fact fits into the Aleksandrov theory of spaces of curvature K bounded above, namely, the following theorem holds: a complete geodesic space of curvature bounded above by \\(K>0\\) has no conjugate points along geodesics of length less than \\(\\pi\\) /\\(\\sqrt{K}\\). These two theorems enable to provide a complete proof to the above mentioned Gromov's theorem: a simply connected, complete, locally convex, geodesic space is globally convex, and hence any two points can be joined by a unique geodesic.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$38580F8B-3803-48E2-96EC-EB20A522CE1E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6df1e7a248e5f9e93114754471c56a7e62dd8489","datavalue":{"value":"53C70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$8BA4E48A-0A1A-4EDC-B36D-D71E874F45EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8b7aea08d486b042608d16accebed421d15f6e04","datavalue":{"value":"53C45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$3D0FA044-FCD7-4F45-9CF8-D814080B0138","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c07c6ca120472b88bb28d6e5e9df7d9c2d722fb5","datavalue":{"value":"4184354","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$7C790467-EF83-42F9-AD7A-4A8D64C4779A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f43795fd26f2e42f1c5195a5b790b891bf8705d0","datavalue":{"value":"Hadamard-Cartan theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$EADE8B51-F4A7-4E83-A520-478633988060","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"956cfa4e83afc03d923e145a532d758cca50be38","datavalue":{"value":"geodesic space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$6B632739-E3B6-4E0E-B658-D59BC36C14AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3de6d7b16f4f60b8ac4bed882596da468eb6a9d6","datavalue":{"value":"locally convex","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$F09564FD-5A28-4678-85F9-3920E84F4F5C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5f49abcc18d52d5a1e3b3f8ad3252e94fa25bb8b","datavalue":{"value":"conjugate points","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$0894E729-A4C8-47AC-9632-6BB1D9D066C5","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"234129e567a8d481f6d880dd530d555717c4244a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1224792,"id":"Q1224792"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$107030A7-DC8E-4355-9A9A-1ECCD4755503","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2639360$73F04442-7F95-4C24-94B0-740DC4D2DAE1","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"282267e54af9f70ff8df6c7ed25f983f0a12e4a7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4368937,"id":"Q4368937"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"247939e7d501a162cd6f21c2b802c0b988402241","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7578534","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$2AB0D8B0-FEEB-41B3-B8F0-BDC24EC2A9C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d1a3390f734f8beb4e80499c46b1bb912bf73e31","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3397401,"id":"Q3397401"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3ae5283964a889f22cee1a79b3d3815615f96e1a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75168467","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$A95FF60B-AA1F-409A-B75C-77C36E1BCE61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"88e29f28717126c719d65aeaf0d6828168918981","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":733372,"id":"Q733372"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0f659cb2ea0c190e5d2d2673245aa638ca1f6453","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7288029","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$E171F52A-4F70-4353-8309-A8C8A45C51F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"df9178dcde9e7f3d421446f218b315f18e6aa042","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":495208,"id":"Q495208"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ac7620e8568e512af4636c5da547569e3c65b483","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72433996","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$A3CCEF5B-04C2-4A69-92B1-3CCBCE19048A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e0e6c465a450f10ecfc28878ac183edcb9f6a496","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1860622,"id":"Q1860622"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b1505474de7eab47750ec371ecdda3988cb20bcf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7182055","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$083C596F-4CF0-4787-992C-F74CA690FF0C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2bc238775270651710209e51717be83f44fd2905","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1345751,"id":"Q1345751"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7d22698298010c6888650cf9868a733774275b70","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7168969","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$87EBC806-E77C-47BD-A23B-50835021FA63","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4c2b5167906d2f19e963b220b5ff50edce6062fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4006548,"id":"Q4006548"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0553218470fddc5d229a1e8c9b2b0af4e45c5c58","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7040537","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$BF75B89F-6C31-4F5B-8C59-85BF272B175A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aa5ce371e9c2729580dc64ed2a8cd7eca37cf42f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5917600,"id":"Q5917600"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bd96978db219294fc7600d029e069e67262d0632","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7025087","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$7DE90DB1-CF6C-4D0A-AFE4-60517E26174F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7db6f5f4475f772a8edc778a367c680932359813","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4289336,"id":"Q4289336"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c43983e88ed0743fc54975d34db16cfa233e976c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6982113","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$20EC924F-026B-4F5E-8A07-386AA236BA45","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6288c5085676aad0300bdc4e28791dbe1f0b596d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5891388,"id":"Q5891388"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dfb1e9acd248f113427e559822e5daa86a2525c6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6978591","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2639360$62EA48A9-58A7-4C08-A79B-47AE18C3A799","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2639360","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2639360"}}}}}