{"entities":{"Q264163":{"pageid":265930,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q264163","lastrevid":60576978,"modified":"2026-04-10T17:50:00Z","type":"item","id":"Q264163","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Alienation of the logarithmic and exponential functional equations"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6563686"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$96B08EDB-706E-4DA0-A2CD-DB6085CF705B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cc2b8b6bcf315949108a90e0a3b1f59a9c34ed1c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Alienation of the logarithmic and exponential functional equations","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$E910F612-B453-4752-9E82-A2820B0976CC","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"76e291a984ff798bcbc33b3eaa545327541c37c2","datavalue":{"value":"1382.39031","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$2B27B15B-1711-4CF6-BAAD-1B561927087B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cfecddfd0ccb5f14010f0d002b706e8528bed7b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":264161,"id":"Q264161"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$E357BCAB-2692-4438-B3F2-DDA826E1FBDF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9e2d2ea9d8c77f0184b9bdfdec92bb36e072cae6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":264162,"id":"Q264162"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$970D57FA-52EF-4DA7-8523-020EE0D1C85E","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"2e8211cf89fb3e58cebf657950368971306be793","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":176881,"id":"Q176881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$E3C87D0E-D37A-43D5-933F-7355FAD0D0CB","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a2710326c5454bd92a60df0935d31488c6019050","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-04-06T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$013332D5-65C8-4E8E-947D-A9842C4F0971","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ed29793b3424d2469a494dd170bed15467f974dc","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(E_1=0\\) and \\(E_2=0\\) be arbitrary functional equations. Obviously from them the functional equation \\(E_1=E_2\\) is derived. If the converse is true, i.e., from \\(E_1=E_2\\) it follows that \\(E_1=0\\) and \\(E_2=0\\), then the two functional equations are said to be \\textit{alien}. This phenomenon has been discussed by \\textit{J. Dhombres} [Aequationes Math. 35, No. 2--3, 186--212 (1988; Zbl 0654.39003)].  The authors investigate the alienation of logarithmic and exponential Cauchy functional equations, that is they consider the functional equation  \\[  f(xy)-f(x)-f(y)=g(x+y)-g(x)g(y). \\tag{E} \\]   If \\(f, g:\\mathbb R\\to\\mathbb R\\), then equation (E) has the following solutions: {\\parindent=0.7cm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(i)] \\(f(x)\\equiv 0\\) and \\(g\\) exponential function; \\item[(ii)] \\(f(x)\\equiv \\alpha(\\alpha+1)\\) and \\(g(x)\\equiv \\alpha+1\\); \\item[(iii)] \\(f(x)=-\\alpha x^2+\\alpha(\\alpha+1)\\) and \\(g(x)=-\\alpha x+\\alpha+1\\),   \\end{itemize}} for some \\(\\alpha \\in\\mathbb R\\setminus \\{0\\}\\).  The situation is more intricate when it is assumed that \\(f:\\mathbb R\\setminus\\{0\\}\\to\\mathbb R\\) and \\(g:\\mathbb R\\to\\mathbb R\\). The following theorem holds.  Theorem: If \\(g(1) \\neq 1\\) or \\(f(1) \\neq 0\\), then  \\[  g(x+y)=g(x)g(y) \\quad \\text{and} \\quad f(xy)=f(x)+f(y),  \\]  or there exist \\(\\alpha\\in\\mathbb R\\setminus \\{0\\}\\) and a function \\(F:\\mathbb R\\setminus \\{0\\}\\to\\mathbb R\\) satisfying \\(F(xy)=F(x)+F(y)\\) such that  \\[  g(x)=\\alpha x+(1-\\alpha), \\quad f(x)=F(x)-\\alpha x^2-\\alpha(1-\\alpha),  \\]  or there exist \\(\\beta\\in\\mathbb R\\setminus \\{1\\}\\) and a function \\(F:\\mathbb R\\setminus\\{0\\}\\to\\mathbb R\\) satisfying \\(F(xy)=F(x)+F(y)\\) such that  \\[  g(x)\\equiv \\beta, \\quad f(x)=F(x)+\\beta^2-\\beta.  \\]  If \\(g(1)=1\\), \\(f(1)=0\\) and \\(g\\) is continuous at the origin, then  \\[  g(x)\\equiv 1, \\quad f(xy)=f(x)+f(y).  \\]  It remains open the problem the problem of finding all solutions of (E) when \\(g(1)=1\\), \\(f(1)=0\\), without requiring the continuity of \\(g\\) in \\(x=0\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$C745402F-7132-4E9F-A4DF-FBE3C3AC1087","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"4c3054560e9976a6188a5e979203254f8da683d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590185,"id":"Q590185"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$F291256A-F112-44E1-B811-978C18307463","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ba7a0f626b40f2f0685d4ff8e04f6e3f86913be8","datavalue":{"value":"39B22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$D5972D45-ED77-4B53-82D8-16C130DEA72E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"45e6d50686a545b191b13c337b33ae6b96979fa3","datavalue":{"value":"6563686","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$97AAE91D-CF09-4FAE-BB90-3833858D4433","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f901fd7e26452d86b37745d38c1c366cb9907ece","datavalue":{"value":"logarithmic equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$5FFB643F-972B-4946-A2AE-83F8DC67E052","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4fdbd410b5f889b0212e705cb2911369fbe033a2","datavalue":{"value":"exponential equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$BDE6D3F1-8E35-4CBA-B272-78DDAB057F2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f5a7eadf93a2339469bc81f1ae33c9e91c6dd2d5","datavalue":{"value":"alienation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$EB5BD903-10A6-4195-B0E3-781275541EA1","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$2780848F-3E7A-42C5-B790-5EBDB88AD31F","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"bf0c4708c7400495616d2617239938f8b77aae0c","datavalue":{"value":"Q59473039","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$318D134C-A0FD-4588-B78F-10D21B1B3E43","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"b216f1a33e3f4531ca5e08f20682fb7c8ad19841","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00010-015-0362-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$7E5DE5A9-D52F-4E9D-BE0E-7E256967840C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e6ed2302d69b662f0eea9285027d743c028049a1","datavalue":{"value":"W1874329674","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$E8EDD373-A60B-40AC-9AF7-B7C7D5E2293F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0969188ff293057207535fb62919b42490685f26","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3992445,"id":"Q3992445"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$BC644382-63D0-42A1-B4D4-3FF6CFF462D2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e4735f60f93ba443696b22655efd10990d4924fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1108494,"id":"Q1108494"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$AB1C73C3-F6AE-4844-8AEF-D0585A588AAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dba3b39c39553bdcf1674e8410af8641fd8aeee7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4231610,"id":"Q4231610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$F019BFF2-CCFB-4858-933C-94AB5892E006","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3c3a7498132fa5ac770cba3180c84447b3f1b926","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2725910,"id":"Q2725910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$80426963-C2E9-4F03-893B-FA067FBB4A9E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dcdc9a2727998420635090f5165624547fbc8af3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":623400,"id":"Q623400"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$855F815C-EA48-437B-AF28-B344EB41531D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"58d0444095fdbd173e296d954797987749ef691d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5395602,"id":"Q5395602"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$FC442E23-79B0-4002-B8E6-51D1F511BA03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8cd32a43ce371a7a75f6d33977154a463a538c17","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2948829,"id":"Q2948829"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$90D2DD1C-044F-46A9-BEE3-C7E10FAE254A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25ea368eea09e273762e60d4319423aca0afafaf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":848878,"id":"Q848878"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$39D68CFC-649C-4DF8-95D8-77EF9EA50EA7","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7828c44e1fc6ee601eceeb43a187e7bd0c6cbae7","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00010-015-0362-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$F6B2D050-2714-4113-B427-F61330B48390","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7558d71c54965cc7f69fcd505e5e9765e9ce800c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1647760,"id":"Q1647760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"18825e484b58d9f943df16b4048b7254be82a964","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9486855268478394","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q264163$C1D0CD79-CC39-48E9-987A-DCF23C4E23AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"55f883558829acfdcdf066a15d315fbfdc759217","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2055260,"id":"Q2055260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be1fc3e31b616b580aedf69ecd5cf78bf73d6a39","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9035650491714478","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q264163$D0B3FAB6-9450-4E46-85D9-8F5A5463EE87","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"536516f18d63e2527951f35cd6a9e03e8451d548","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":264151,"id":"Q264151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"856f389feacb2ae2a35f4b42fd6371fe90b502a7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8734644651412964","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q264163$69B54E51-9353-47A1-8D85-D492742F6261","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9340c0bd942a016a37a19869e3d8d73a5b868b09","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2232069,"id":"Q2232069"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7ace7fbbcf0fe8a7629febaf9220a599136d57b7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8729571104049683","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q264163$3C69F07D-A83F-43D5-A3DB-A65F2876F56B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c66b501fc819b85557ad327872d76eba6dffce16","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":623400,"id":"Q623400"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"36d2eb891d3ed7e0b3d39e3a6b1c67fe5c4e438d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8583819270133972","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q264163$AC608DC9-F160-4AEE-93A7-AAB6751B63F8","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q264163$7A81C8AA-4A5C-44ED-99E4-F0D62C230D85","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Alienation of the logarithmic and exponential functional equations","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Alienation_of_the_logarithmic_and_exponential_functional_equations"}}}}}