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(quotes from the present paper).  For exponential operations \\(e^{X_{1}}e^{X_{2}}\\cdots e^{X_{n}}\\), there is the problem of how to represent them by a single exponential operation \\(e^{Z},(Z={\\Phi(X_{1},X_{2},\\cdots X_{n}))}\\).  The authors get compact expressions for the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff series \\(Z = log(e^{X} e^{Y} )\\) in terms of right-nested commutators.  The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff theorem states that \\(\\Phi(X, Y )\\) can be expressed as  \\[\\Phi (X,Y)=X+Y+\\sum\\limits_{m\\geq 2}\\Phi _{m}(X,Y),\\]   \\[ \\Phi _{m}(X,Y)=\\sum\\limits_{p_{i},q_{i}}\\frac{(-1)^{m-1}}{m}\\frac{ [X^{p_{1}}Y^{q_{1}}\\cdots X^{p_{m}}Y^{q_{m}}]}{ (\\sum\\nolimits_{i=1}^{m}(p_{i}+q_{i}))p_{1}!q_{1}!\\cdots p_{m}!q_{m}!}, \\quad (p_{i}+q_{i} >0),\\]  \\([X^{p_{1}}Y^{q_{1}}\\cdots X^{p_{m}}Y^{q_{m}}]\\) denotes the right-nested commutator based on the word \\(X^{p_{1}}Y^{q_{1}}\\cdots X^{p_{m}}Y^{q_{m}}.\\) Thus,  for instance: \\([XY^{2}X^{2}Y]=[XYYXXY]:=[X,[Y,[Y,[X,[X,Y]]]]].\\)  Let consider the general case. The Dynkin-Specht-Wever theorem states as the following:  \\(\\Phi (X_{1},X_{2},\\cdot \\cdot \\cdot ,X_{n})=\\sum\\limits_{m\\geq 1}\\Phi _{m}(X_{1},X_{2},\\cdot \\cdot \\cdot ,X_{n}),\\)  where \\(\\Phi_{m}(X_{1},X_{2},\\ldots ,X_{n})\\) is a homogeneous polynomial of degree \\(m\\) in the non-commutative variables \\(X_{1},\\ldots,X_{n}\\),  \\[ \\Phi _{m}(X_{1},X_{2},\\ldots,X_{n})=\\sum\\limits_{\\substack{ i_{1}+\\cdots +i_{n}=m \\\\ i_{j}\\geq 0}}\\frac{1}{i_{1}!\\cdots i_{n}!}\\varphi _{m}(\\underbrace{X_{1},\\ldots, X_{1}} _{i_{1}},\\ldots,\\underbrace{X_{n},\\ldots, X_{n}} _{i_{n}}),\\]  \\[ \\begin{split}  \\varphi _{m}(X_{1},X_{2},\\ldots,X_{m}) &=\\frac{1}{m} \\sum\\limits_{\\sigma \\in S_{m}}(-1)^{d_{\\sigma }}\\frac{1}{\\binom{m-1}{ d_{\\sigma }}}X_{\\sigma (1)}X_{\\sigma (2)}\\cdots X_{\\sigma (m)} \\\\  &=\\frac{1}{m^{2}} \\sum\\limits_{\\sigma \\in S_{m}}(-1)^{d_{\\sigma }}\\frac{1}{\\binom{m-1}{ d_{\\sigma }}}[X_{\\sigma (1)},[X_{\\sigma (2)}\\cdots \\lbrack X_{\\sigma (m-1)},X_{\\sigma (m)}]\\cdots]], \\end{split} \\]  \\(S_{m}\\) denotes the permutation group and \\(d_{\\sigma}\\) is the number of descents in \\(\\sigma\\).  The authors state that they reduce the number of commutators by using as a starting point an explicit expression directly involving independent commutators and by deriving a complete set of identities arising among right-nested commutators as the following:  \\[\\varphi _{m}(X_{1},X_{2},\\ldots,X_{m})=\\frac{1}{m} \\sum\\limits_{\\sigma \\in S_{m-1}}(-1)^{d_{\\sigma }}\\frac{1}{\\binom{m-1}{ d_{\\sigma }}}[X_{\\sigma (1)},[X_{\\sigma (2)}\\cdots \\lbrack X_{\\sigma (m-1)},X_{m}]\\cdots ]]. \\]  I recommend reading the present paper along with [\\textit{M. M\u00fcger}, ``Notes on the theorem of Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff-Dynkin'', 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