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The celebrated d'Alembert's equation reads \\[ g(xy)+\\mu(y)g(xy^*)=2g(x)g(y),\\qquad x,y\\in S, \\] with the unknown function \\(g\\colon S\\to \\mathbb{K}\\). A non-zero solution of the above equation is called a d'Alembert function.  The paper, written by a leading expert in the field, moves a step forward the general knowledge about this fundamental functional equation, which has been studied over the years by a number of prominent mathematicians, successively generalizing its form and broadening the domain and the range of its solutions (for references see, e.g., \\textit{H. Stetk\u00e6r} [Functional equations on groups. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific (2013; Zbl 1298.39018)]).  The crucial point of this paper lies in the extension of the title  -- \\textit{The small dimension lemma} --  of the works by \\textit{D. Yang} [Banach J. Math. Anal. 5, 126--130 (2011; Zbl 1230.43005); Can Math. Bull. 56, 218--224 (2013; Zbl 1266.39030)].  New properties and characterizations of d'Alembert's functions are then 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