Subconvexity for \(\mathrm{GL} (3) \times \mathrm{GL} (2)\) twists (with an appendix by Will Sawin) (Q2671905)

Let \(\pi\) be a \(\mathrm{SL}(3, \mathbb{Z})\) Hecke-Maass cusp form, \(f\) be a \(\mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb{Z})\) holomorphic Hecke cusp form or Hecke-Maass cusp form and \(\chi\) be any non-trivial character mod \(p\), where \(p\) is a prime number. The Rankin-Selberg convolution of \(\pi\) with \(f\times \chi\) is defined for \(\mathrm{Re}(s)>1\) by \[L(s,\pi\times f\times \chi)=\sum_{ n\geq 1}\sum_{r\geq 1} \frac{\lambda_\pi(r,n)\lambda_f(n)\chi(nr^2)}{(nr^2)^s}.\] It is well known that the above series extends to an entire function to the whole complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\) and satisfies a functional equation relating \(s\) and \(1-s\). By the Phragmen-Lindelöf principle, we have \[L\left(\frac{1}{2},\pi\times f\times \chi\right)\ll_{\pi,f,\varepsilon}p^{\frac{3}{2}+\varepsilon}.\] Breaking the convexity barrier \(\frac{3}{2}\) in the above estimate is difficult and requires techniques of mollification which yield to the following \[L\left(\frac{1}{2},\pi\times f\times \chi\right)\ll_{\pi,f,\varepsilon}p^{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{16}+\varepsilon}.\] As a consequence, the author derives the subconvex bound for \[L\left(\frac{1}{2},\pi\times \chi\right)\ll_{\pi,\varepsilon}p^{\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{32}+\varepsilon}.\]