{"entities":{"Q2703809":{"pageid":2714554,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2703809","lastrevid":47585440,"modified":"2026-01-02T03:51:39Z","type":"item","id":"Q2703809","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Time and chance"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1577085"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$0FA57FD6-537A-4262-A982-44F01869AA36","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"6f305995225591baa730e55aa2e3f1723184f08d","datavalue":{"value":"0983.00016","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$EA5195EF-F9FF-4295-9C05-015E672EA6BD","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"eb1e8e295178b2d0f4a8894098ddad5e6357f5ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":822476,"id":"Q822476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$105A6F41-7A96-4C9E-95AD-733A14C53723","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"dfcf419f362994e062cde9e1c5510d1050fdca42","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-03-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$A1CD5C95-7FBF-49AB-BEEE-D6F3F05C4850","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6000fd4f366571f163c424d174fd674a8c80d794","datavalue":{"value":"00A79","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$5B4BAC2D-AD3D-43EF-82ED-3340202C555B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"08226b16b97356fd0d6f209e24fb1bfe63a37283","datavalue":{"value":"82-01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$A38C215D-E206-46FE-A25F-DB5E1ADC776C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6a50f46a11609330de4920daa1f83d21fd4ed93e","datavalue":{"value":"81-01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$0841F3E8-1677-4CC6-8B93-831ACC4D7BD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ce7667657a11e25210d0c5fedd8dc2e3ab1f1ba8","datavalue":{"value":"82B03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$5A2B4F57-2775-4D1F-951F-21C4CD37FE56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5ba4f254528f0243a639e5d75d2711104b8610ab","datavalue":{"value":"81P15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$173EFD5A-2DB4-49E6-801E-43013C8EBC30","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"0b2cd86a4b079b02c9dffdc9ef22f838f6a2a770","datavalue":{"value":"1577085","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$1154C6F8-69C2-4FB6-95D5-7148541EFB10","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fe3c3da7d6b08c129d3c6acf323ba04f67eff08a","datavalue":{"value":"thermodynamics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$8A899B31-1F0D-4491-B7B5-87865460FA47","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"efbe9beea5375d6882fbcd46d29fcf415ff62dbf","datavalue":{"value":"time-reversal invariance","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$EA0EAF3B-AE42-401D-A988-7C5D7AAB8D4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3568036798a1c9561e6c990a7f0e038ec93d46fb","datavalue":{"value":"statistical mechanics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$89574A17-6C70-4749-8C96-B8B683CE4D5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"01762ab4508e4686ef5eddfb4ea679442683e04c","datavalue":{"value":"past-hypothesis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$78D043DB-6E77-46A9-B9B8-989836001E21","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2d9b1e17b69b4ea3c3f97c10b14c0b71bd3bc067","datavalue":{"value":"quantum measurement","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$7C443266-4945-4BD6-849C-8D63BB0BA260","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"aa7104dd3f63a109d7525bf6ef125edd7061fc6d","datavalue":{"value":"irreversibility","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$747BA875-985A-48D3-8C84-AF8682A81723","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b34df98fb32110df3e7650c7664438fee0b70c17","datavalue":{"value":"macroscopic processes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$E825A199-CD10-4CD7-BF23-25B219C517B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a6355a8ad52e3619000c8cf47952fa713220a28b","datavalue":{"value":"reversibility","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$937F5C5C-5008-4246-9750-7D0FD6950B90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cc3dea67e8335bad16ff89ea3412cb506858a869","datavalue":{"value":"microscopic level","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$96E84052-152F-4B5C-BB18-12FB099B8E00","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$0658E83D-F1FE-4041-AFEA-061C14D8BE9B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3b500a305faea48891e3d1dd3b0f2a1f819e1a3c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Time and chance","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$E9884931-0469-44D1-9DBE-0010D2A62286","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3233f4327bcbbefc4f85390ef202d1287589f147","datavalue":{"value":"The problem of paradoxical situation between the irreversibility in Nature, or of macroscopic processes on the one side and the reversibility of processes on a microscopic level described by reversible laws of motion on the other side, is still one of big challenges for today's science. The fundamental role in this game is played by time. In this connection one often speaks about the so called arrow of time. Time also appears in the title of the book under review but together with another difficult to comprehend notion, namely chance. So one can say the main trouble which the author is presenting to solve is about the direction of time. But this is nothing but the celebrated problem of the second law of thermodynamics, too. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn reviewing the book it is important to begin with the statement that the author is professor of philosophy. That seems cardinal for reading the book itself. Well, it does not mean, of course at least in this case that the author is not well acquainted with the physical basics.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$D364E26E-4F53-4BA7-A171-48C21480CDA2","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ca4d76d69c20df44ca4fb33682d2f1a90a973c5b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":588037,"id":"Q588037"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703809$8149D090-445C-4291-B297-F17E05F006F3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9db630efba105db2b2d79fbbcb78a241fc9cea1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4939552,"id":"Q4939552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"69ed493676a9039cf404ce1b85d30dd0a7f932c2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7573693990707397","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703809$B9CC6694-4B65-4ADE-8FE4-6D589A3DBA9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bf4bbf481859150e382b13f3ed6365a10784c43e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2725516,"id":"Q2725516"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"69ed493676a9039cf404ce1b85d30dd0a7f932c2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7573693990707397","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703809$A89B9A7F-8F0D-492F-AAE1-010311B660E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"489f096b64c9e18034f2a34da9ba0cdd8a6cd399","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4023629,"id":"Q4023629"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"864fd6f50131c554c88811635fc68fdf84c06a1b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7494882941246033","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703809$4EDED47B-46D2-4E30-BAF4-A220CD34129D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ebddd4a14368bad9ca0a0a2c6ff2877cdbd628b5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3594170,"id":"Q3594170"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9d31a84293815915233fe11dd4018a5cd53c8c1b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7488942742347717","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703809$40240E09-064B-4FAA-8921-A5FA7C51B9C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f90838daf8a427dd1e5f2d84776b34b06fbc54b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6487715,"id":"Q6487715"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cd6e778e6714e3b20382ca741105c8c7ec05a90f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7462327480316162","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703809$F76622C9-DC65-4B0D-A476-2CEB6D9E6F20","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2703809","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2703809"}}}}}