{"entities":{"Q2703828":{"pageid":2714573,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2703828","lastrevid":82756715,"modified":"2026-05-06T21:52:44Z","type":"item","id":"Q2703828","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"\u0141ukasiewicz's logics and prime numbers."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1577447"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$3D6FB54B-A41D-48A2-806C-0ECF9B356BCE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"fa95f6edf54f051a498d482d1d1f98f601ab436e","datavalue":{"value":"0971.03026","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$58FDA55D-CE2A-4D3B-85F7-104155DD448A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0da0ddb63369ee51f0c4f965ee150089663821f4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-03-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$DDF4B87E-6BE2-4529-A26A-C24D8AB5E565","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bf715f882d7ad0c07303aa3e6e3ac3725da52515","datavalue":{"value":"03B50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$4B511D02-99F9-4B97-A9D0-FC0816849315","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"89663cdc2c9f64b2cd0a104bcac86329d89b9b2d","datavalue":{"value":"03-02","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$AE3ED730-F7E2-45F7-8F7B-DA746E7BF814","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"644608867b351d31cea1880194b0aa9a37c5e5da","datavalue":{"value":"1577447","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$135B86DA-06EB-4811-817C-F6097E083AE7","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dabf0147a2477f9d5b36f07617332c9ddcf9e122","datavalue":{"value":"many-valued logics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$4C40D1E3-3BCC-4E20-A0CC-E2125642E547","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d3cf2e741af8389e6eeae6dd4c007e446c609511","datavalue":{"value":"\u0141ukasiewicz logics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$C627EA3E-303A-4D32-ACEA-095B21DC47BB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8367078dd53268f15f939794271a5000fbfa9214","datavalue":{"value":"prime numbers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$11EAD9D1-6ECC-41BF-AC44-9D6F241410A5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$98D6DB2B-7399-4966-B6EB-3763EBF3BD7B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f912dc32f22304cbad05b26297570904b8780fcf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2804043,"id":"Q2804043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$F06EEF76-C21E-4594-936C-83AB11EF9DB2","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a3656bc98cd26a101a3ed3f0c7b13bca86c33d1f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"\u0141ukasiewicz's logics and prime numbers.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$1733BD31-1AD6-47F2-9AA4-BC266B2CF890","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"27bf1507fcbaf35e492fcc444c9cbe854ecf69e9","datavalue":{"value":"Eine \\(n+1\\)-wertige \u0141ukasiewicz-Logik ist eine Logik mit den Wahrheitswerten \\(\\{0,{1\\over n},\\dots, {n-1\\over n},1\\}\\). Grundoperationen sind \\(\\sim x=1-x\\) und \\(x\\to y=\\min (1,1-x+y)\\). Die Menge aller Funktionen, die mittels Substitution durch diese Operationen ausdr\u00fcckbar sind, wird mit \u0141\\(_{n +1}\\) bezeichnet. F\u00fcr \\(n\\geq 2\\) ist \u0141\\(_{n+1}\\) eine echte Teilmenge der Menge aller Funktionen in die Menge der Wahrheitswerte. N\u00e4mlich es gilt \u0141\\(_{n+1} \\subseteq T_{n+1}\\), wo \\(T_{n+1}\\) die Menge der \\(\\{0,1\\}\\)-bewahrenden Funktionen ist. \u0141\\(_{n+1}=T_{n+1}\\) genau dann, wenn \\(n\\) eine Primzahl ist. Genau in diesem Fall ist \u0141\\(_{n+1}\\) eine pr\u00e4vollst\u00e4ndige Menge, d.h. f\u00fcr jedes \\(f\\notin \\text{\u0141}_{n+1}\\) kann man aus \u0141\\(_{n+1} \\cup\\{f\\}\\) durch Substitution alle Funktionen bekommen.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEWeiter werden einige Modifikationen von \\(\\to\\) eingef\u00fchrt, die durch \\(\\to^k,\\to^{k'}\\) und \\(\\to^s\\) bezeichnet werden. Die Funktionenmengen, die man \\(\\{\\sim,\\to^k\\}\\), \\(\\{\\sim, \\to^{k'}\\}\\) und \\(\\{\\to^s \\}\\) durch Substitution bekommen kann, werden mit \\(K_{n+1}\\), \\(K_{n+1}'\\) bzw. \\(S_{n+1}\\) bezeichnet. F\u00fcr jedes \\(n\\geq 3\\) sind alle diese Funktionenmengen mit \u0141\\(_{n+1}\\) genau dann identisch, wenn \\(n\\) eine Primzahl ist, anderenfalls sind alle diese Funktionenmengen verschieden. Darauf basierend konstruiert der Autor einen Generierungsprozess f\u00fcr Primzahlen.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEMit weiteren Modifikationen \\(\\to^F, \\to^e\\) und \\(\\to^o\\) von \\(\\to\\) erh\u00e4lt man aus \\(\\{\\sim,\\to^F\\}\\), \\(\\{\\sim, \\to^e\\}\\) und \\(\\{\\sim, \\to^o\\}\\) durch Substitution solche Funktionenmengen, die genau dann mit \u0141\\(_{n+1}\\) zusammenfallen, wenn \\(n\\) bzw. eine Potenz von Primzahlen (f\u00fcr \\(n\\geq 3)\\) eine gerade bzw. ungerade Zahl (f\u00fcr \\(n\\geq 2)\\) ist.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIm Zusatzteil betrachtet Verf. die Logik \u0141\\(_\\infty\\) mit den oben genannten Operationen \\(\\sim\\) und \\(\\to\\), wobei die Wahrheitswerte alle rationalen oder reellen Zahlen in \\([0,1]\\) sind. Au\u00dferdem wird die diskrete Logik \u0141\\(_\\Sigma\\) betrachtet, bei der die Wahrheitswerte in der vergr\u00f6\u00dfernden Ordnung \\(\\{0^+, 1, 2,3,\\dots,-3,-2, -1,0^-\\}\\) und die Grundoperationen \\(\\sim^\\Sigma x=-x\\) sind, wobei \\(-0^+=0^-\\) und \\(-0^-=0^+\\). NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEx\\to^\\Sigma y=\\begin{cases} 0^-,\\quad & \\text{wenn }x\\leq y,\\text{ (in der obigen Ordnung)}\\\\ y-x,\\quad & \\text{wenn } x>y, \\text{ wobei }y-0^-=y.\\end{cases}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE In \u0141\\(_\\Sigma\\) gibt es mehr tautologische Formeln als in \u0141\\(_\\infty\\), aber alle anderen Erweiterungen von \u0141\\(_\\Sigma\\) sind endlichwertige Logiken.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$94039032-1CAC-4943-80A3-BC870430330C","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"7b41e5f7ea0ddf008e18157715fbe05e096bdc98","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":749524,"id":"Q749524"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2703828$B5328826-6E41-4B70-BEC6-BA0306EF38BB","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"46629bc5551e896e406afa69c72f454f5cc63982","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3360162,"id":"Q3360162"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7c7c222d8f2e5adc22000a5c3be6088a1bc1c082","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8879745","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$82105E49-EBCB-4525-940D-D44A4AAAC748","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"49f55e128b6592cb307ac4ef98efeaa48ca4d8f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4914513,"id":"Q4914513"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8162c84c30ed59290fa9c7e7ea48d418db91fa9b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86929935","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$CF961FDD-96B8-4B35-9776-A803439CF364","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fb28dcac1b01625e14c54f8bc05a5676a43698af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":751647,"id":"Q751647"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"30e45afd798d3d970efdf30b299b2ee546f6e056","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.867139","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$8771B7CD-3732-4FA4-83B3-17ED13279415","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"36bafffd5ce38b6b9559b2397c2d77a617ce5b86","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4887110,"id":"Q4887110"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5d84f4306d6956583e62e314bba7739586a767e4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8579084","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$29DDE0DD-857C-4655-BF6C-9B3297BE93F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"32da4ef62ddc19301a223a8084b0351b1fdf94db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1188945,"id":"Q1188945"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"28ad0a45d3754ba186a5e822041da2cd2e98ef31","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8540838","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$203818C2-17F6-4C60-B47D-5D01199A37FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a0ea36a8ccff7b3fff03008c615247a496520a87","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3338220,"id":"Q3338220"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9aa0eb0c4883ec3df358aa7d5637a544eec9da5f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85237527","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$F2EC9A9B-AD4F-4A31-AB10-128CFE7DB874","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5cbb36397483f380ebcc37efdf4892c96be6f3dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5222086,"id":"Q5222086"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8109e20b9cd5d1a1f703d2adfd3aa0be4002a885","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8364066","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$6085681E-E64C-49D4-BC3E-7CE1880DF42C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9419c1c491c42bc7ec644de16e28e7af6eefd438","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":500021,"id":"Q500021"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c71b4c5609940c02530a0ff6043046ac700b45bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83431053","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2703828$0E8B336D-C1B2-4E82-94A2-BF8F4B607011","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"\u0141ukasiewicz's logics and prime numbers.","badges":[]}}}}}