{"entities":{"Q2714827":{"pageid":2725566,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2714827","lastrevid":82948400,"modified":"2026-05-06T22:31:42Z","type":"item","id":"Q2714827","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Bolzano and Cournot on mathematical explanation"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1607310"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$C9761782-09D9-4428-99E6-6F64BC6ED6BE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"064c0e6f0c4d5b94ffd41bf463cfa79729f1f203","datavalue":{"value":"0999.01011","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$333D5439-F48B-4757-A832-C6A184565BB7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0ade2c17110c88e77a460b1060c4082d87479863","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":218496,"id":"Q218496"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$0DDE3CCD-6582-4920-A758-D80F2103D543","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"bf44e420fab71a4abce3e6474b6d599f4a2cb6f9","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-08-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$88247349-093C-4119-BD0E-B4837C5E8F5E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7bfd0f006165ee82fae761f80e1a04a7310780c9","datavalue":{"value":"01A55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$8F635101-60AE-423B-ABFE-D5BAA9709574","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"654b667013631be85bc45fdfe776d3b9ed2e5330","datavalue":{"value":"00A35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$62CC229A-0EB3-4857-B008-B59A185E6D60","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"68c05cfefcda47d08334eed56bf816dc84a2aff9","datavalue":{"value":"1607310","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$D9D879CC-ED50-4633-A7F4-2EAC3F089D24","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a4c49b3550d8b5731fda034699ea4e09421f03d0","datavalue":{"value":"Bolzano","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$6F41D043-0BA4-4FCD-A25A-58BABF43DDC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a18f959dce5b5d6d1f45823ef8861a0f95fafaef","datavalue":{"value":"Cournot","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$5FE9BC9F-5EDB-42EF-8222-8513CF6CCE12","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"f74f43a312e77803b5932c55f1f16b1d9a071b32","datavalue":{"value":"Q57490405","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$F5C31410-5AD9-4964-86FE-0DADD0244B6F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$5C25817D-8BC5-42A7-8BBF-9C31EFA6B770","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a92098fe35d2f763e10cfa7269481fc301c0b8c1","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3406/rhs.1999.1364","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$BC653E80-4BA0-4FB4-8050-6472066418D1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6f594cb93645fc8e75390212191e128ba9a8a069","datavalue":{"value":"W1966376165","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$A43F4CDA-74A8-4FED-A960-3AF80512E08B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"bcb3b46d3d54431a0c0060052a6f70771d184008","datavalue":{"value":"10.3406/RHS.1999.1364","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$2FE905A6-7AF4-445D-85E1-CF81BF8ADC1D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"68559c6b8345b3bfb207aa9499b2e0c1fa228719","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Bolzano and Cournot on mathematical explanation","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$7BD02380-7B20-47E2-A1E8-6B3AF2DAE440","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3d996accceafcfeb64580a7c932b31af96e52e3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6574021,"id":"Q6574021"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$01A9A0BC-3514-4AD7-B25D-0C1D557793C8","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"30240693a33c9ec5acfea5d0a8235ec189ed4323","datavalue":{"value":"The author compares and contrasts the views of Bolzano and Cournot on the distinction between mathematical proofs which just prove the theorem at hand, and those which also cast some light on the reasons for its truth (relative to its assumptions). In Bolzano's case this distinction related to his theory of logical consequence between propositions. Cournot, who does not seem to have known the contributions of his predecessor, also stressed the superior merit of explanatory proofs, and considered the related distinction between the logical order of theorems (as propositions) and their rational order within a theory: the further relationship to historical order seem not to have occurred to him. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEWhile the basic distinction is interesting, it is not obviously sharp. How would one appraise, for example, the proof by mathematical induction of the binomial theorem, or that of the Pythagoras theorem by similar triangles?","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$21736BC5-DA1F-45B3-A3B3-D800D1453C7D","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"2197f05185c1779b4f394abb70498fb0720750ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587142,"id":"Q587142"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2714827$E5FD4D2D-0B95-4656-A0B7-4B5C166FBB50","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec7dd9eb3a3e50bce84c51ac64bc4fa711826fdc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2502382,"id":"Q2502382"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"48484ac4449b94c6052297de128b32f98c46d85b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7663165330886841","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2714827$E79F1068-2B9C-4648-8159-F197CF050430","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1d8702d40f2c784c943b314a0aed14eb0307bcdc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2667059,"id":"Q2667059"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"69e9b7ad4b6801d11f267b41c30d7422c9be4ffe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7209486961364746","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2714827$5CCC79F9-99F3-470B-ACD9-2DABBF1124B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec294e47ae0edd5778d52a8e38ca3fb5b7b88e9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4824959,"id":"Q4824959"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3816fdb7e3d0f38eacc1cae233cefeb87d687ce5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7169439792633057","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2714827$0EBA4F15-F151-489D-9711-9ED235C3E5DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"de1097ca5028cd39c528957b5b60ce094bf7fd64","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2441741,"id":"Q2441741"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6642ac2a9ef042bc0a38acf3f68459ba32fd1d57","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7058845162391663","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2714827$0B8ECB6C-BD9B-4F13-A8DB-F1EA56BC3239","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7b5bd48bf5aa814b1a7201c1d0283121befb41f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2965531,"id":"Q2965531"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2918515e7dd737f2b13df3e612dbbc3809aa2d6f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7042949795722961","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2714827$5383DF32-9EDF-49D8-B151-47C617CB3692","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Bolzano and Cournot on mathematical explanation","badges":[]}}}}}