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(S.5) -- steht f\u00fcr das Silberne Zeitalter in der Mathematik; seine \\textit{Collectio Mathematica} ``is a collection in more than one sense: its various parts were probably composed separately and put together at a later date, and they use material from different epochs'' (S.2). Das eigentliche Vorhaben: ``I will argue that, once again in line with the cultural phenomenology of his time, Pappus assembles an image of the `good' mathematician as someone who possesses both expertise and ethical virtues'' (S.5). Es ist unklar ob Pappus's Werke im Mittelalter im Westen bekannt waren. ``\\dots very little work has been done on Pappus, or indeed on the mathematics of late antiquity'' (S.8). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE-- [1] ``The outside World'': Hier beruft sich Verf. auf astrologische Quellen. Was die Techniker anlangt, so erh\u00f6hte sich im sp\u00e4ten Altertum offensichtlich deren sozialer Status. In der Observanz und Obedienz der Gesetze kam schlie\u00dflich den im Rang wie folgt aufsteigenden Mathematikern -- Calculatores, Tabularii, Numerarii; Astronomen, Astrologen, Wetterkundige; Architekten, Ingenieure, Landvermesser; Lehrer (S.37) -- zumindest seit dem 4. Jh. eine besondere Rolle zu. ``Indeed, laws often limited themselves to ratifying what was a de facto situation'' (S.34f.). Hier erf\u00e4hrt man, wie Konstantin d. Gr., Diokletian, Maximianus usw. gezielt das Wohl des Staatsgeschehens im Blick hatten, wobei Kaiser Justinian I. eine besondere Rolle einnimmt. ``As for Alexandria, we have no conclusive evidence about the capacity in which the Museum, that symbol par excellence of Alexandrine culture, survived after the Ptolemies'' (S.43). Im folgenden geht es um das geometrisch-arithmetische Wissen im sp\u00e4ten Altertum. Es ist naheliegend, dass auch damals bisweilen Philosophie und Mathematik Hand in Hand gingen: ``Mathematics played more than one role in the philosophies of late antiquity. As a form of knowledge, mathematics was a fundamental part of their ontologies:\\dots mathematical demonstration serves as model for correct philosophical reasoning; mathematical disciplines are viewed as the steps of a ladder ascending to perfect knowledge'' (S.53). ``Mathematics is indeed seen as having a public role, and associated with ethical qualities'' (S.54). ``The general impression is that, far from being invisible or confined to ivory towers, mathematics did have a public profile'' (S.56).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE-- [2] ``Bees and Philosophers'': Hier geht es um Pappus, Buch 5. Die den Bienen immanenten geometrischen Fertigkeiten beim Wabenbau und ihr Staatsverband gelten als beispielhaft. Bei Betrachtung der regul\u00e4ren K\u00f6rper wird speziell auf Unterschiede eingegangen: ``Euclid is attempting to establish the relations between different geometrical objects, Pappus to determine a construction on the basis of a given set of data'' (S.69). Verf.: ``\\dots Pappus's main interest would be in communicating the main results, while the details of their demonstrations take second place'' (S.71). Bei Gegen\u00fcberstellung: ``\\dots in the case of book 4 the reader is left to fend for himself through a text difficult to understand even for skilled mathematicians\\dots while, in the case of book 5, the reader is not even expected to be acquainted with one of Archimedes's most famous discoveries\\dots'' (S.73); wurde dadurch zweierlei Leserschaft angesprochen? ``Pappus interposes himself, as it were, between his source and the reader'' (S.86).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE-- [3] ``Inclined Planes and Architects'': Es geht um Buch 8 von Pappus' \\textit{Collectio Mathematica}, die Mechanik. ``Pappus presents mechanics right from the beginning as a \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 on which universal approval and praise are bestowed'' (S.104). So wie Heron von Alexandria (wirkte um 62) unterscheidet Pappus zwei Merkmale der Mechanik -- argumentative und praktische (S.105) --, und Verf. folgert: ``We can now try to sum up the features of Pappus's presentation of mechanics: he first puts forth a definition of his subject that fits the mould of the tradition, in that it places mechanics between mathematical and physical theory in a domain which includes phenomena both in accordance with nature and against nature'' (S.107). Hauptthemen von Pappus: Schiefe Ebene, W\u00fcrfelverdoppelung, Zahnrad\u00fcbersetzung, wobei der Effekt ``the weaker vanquishes the stronger'' (S.116) geschickt herausgestellt wird. Die Frage nach technischer Ausf\u00fchrung eines mechanischen Theorems spielt anscheinend nicht die einzige Rolle, denn: {``\\dots} a theorem can have a claim to usefulness without necessarily having an impact on actual reality'' (S.122). ``In the event, the wondrous aspects of mechanics are understated in the \\textit{Collection}, while the officially favoured value, utility, takes central place'' (S.124).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE-- [4] ``Altars and strange Curves'': Hier zeigt Verf., wie Pappus in Buch 3 eine vorgebliche Konstruktion der beiden mittleren Proportionalen im delischen Problem ``by means of `planar investigation'' (S.128) ad absurdum f\u00fchrt und allgemein, wie dieses Vorhaben im Verlauf der Zeit zum Objekt von Philosophen und Mathematikern wurde: ``On the whole \\dots Pappus did not just report everything that was available to him, but rather that he chose some solutions'' (S.137). Im Falle der beiden mittleren Proportionalen, Pappus ``is keen to stress his role as custodian and successor to the earlier geometers, so that his direct interventions are very explicit: he criticizes in detail what he takes to be a misguided attempt and presents his own contribution to the topic in such a way as to make it the culmination and compendium of previous efforts'' (S.168).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE-- [5] ``The inside Story'': Verf. sch\u00e4tzt den Einflu\u00df der Vorg\u00e4nger wie folgt ein: ``Pappus\\dots is aware that some of the ancients thought that all mathematical enquiries were theorems, while some others reckoned that they were all problems, but he does not discuss their views'' (S.172). ``In Pappus's words, with a problem one has to tell the when, the how and the in how many ways'' (S.173). So werden Generalisierungen und Einzelf\u00e4lle in seiner Geometrie angesprochen; es geht auch um die Art, wie er in der Arithmetik vorging, wobei ``Pappus's arithmetizations can be applied to `strange' figures'' (S.184), sei es schiefe Ebene, sei es Zahnrad\u00fcbersetzung. ``Pappus uses the mathematical tradition not just as a reservoir from which he can draw previous results, but also as a reference frame through which he can import meaning into the practice of classifying, for instance, or invest his own actions with authority by presenting himself as the true voice of the ancients'' (S.194). Resumee: ``Pappus's past is instrumental to his present. He selects his sources according to his audience, to the topic of the treatise, to whether he has anything to add to them or not. He quotes them selectively, modifying them according to his own interests, or declines to quote them'' (S.199); ``The mathematical tradition which we find in Pappus is a construct'' (S.200).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAllgemein: Diesem Buch ist ein gewichtiger Platz zuzuweisen, es wendet sich an Fachleute, denn vordringlich wird auf den Werdegang einzelner Probleme der Antike und auf deren historischen Bezug mit Pappus im Zentrum eingegangen. Die f\u00fcnf Kapitel sind durch Zwischen\u00fcberschriften gut gegliedert und durch Skizzen aufgelockert. Wegen der F\u00fclle und Vielschichtigkeit des Materials ist es sehr vorteilhaft, dass auf jedes Kapitel eine ``Conclusion'' folgt. Die Literaturangaben sind durch Fu\u00dfnoten reichlich belegt, zum Teil mit R\u00fcckgriff auf die Originalstelle. Prim\u00e4r- und Sekund\u00e4rquellen sind umfassend angegeben. Eine Bibliographie -- die Vornamen sind leider nicht ausgeschrieben -- und zwei Register beschlie\u00dfen diesen ansprechend gestalteten Band.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2726683$CE415F43-D916-4240-9EEB-2417942E3E43","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"8416f9900ff22b99e306cb2689632624161ccf3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":593261,"id":"Q593261"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2726683$9875D032-7A36-407E-AE1B-C702E5B57146","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d8b70e54290524a926e1590f959607c5ee5fdd5d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3182420,"id":"Q3182420"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"71d761dbe454343d993d05692977c5ad82bf51e0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8236309289932251","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2726683$B46BB304-0312-4F2F-9A3D-1ECB4A251376","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6b699e4975a6a39ad2f4dea16f76964f1526954a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4417877,"id":"Q4417877"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b6efbf5e4a842f728fd6d69a9cb2cece5d48dcdb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8043053150177002","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2726683$5F515B0E-A4A2-4214-AFAA-9E1B11873407","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a6e60243ebe36f1d406de8ed3fe9e07bc199f606","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4510211,"id":"Q4510211"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0a426e640b5a343b1d8f502f4f3aa4f399a1e58a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.782762348651886","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2726683$309C3A55-4EF7-41F6-83D6-0D31ECD4074A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b9e874eb0e1f0ee72847196aae2d61ac114bd623","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2774417,"id":"Q2774417"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"85ef777e3fd2a0cc08cb851252113c964ef49064","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7827618718147278","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2726683$F395FDFB-682A-414A-98F9-4AE3E263F8D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5923b03d27d72849a525d938c7d7dc1878d10fee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3715084,"id":"Q3715084"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b7ce56a3551faf5366704647e991000a6a4a8bb0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7708322405815125","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2726683$B7B9DBB0-54CE-4829-A28E-A3AA28C02E41","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Pappus of Alexandria and the mathematics of late antiquity","badges":[]}}}}}