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Giambruno, M. Zaicev}, Adv. Math. 140, No. 2, 145-155 (1998; Zbl 0920.16012); ibid. 142, No. 2, 221-243 (1999; Zbl 0920.16013)] have established the remarkable result that the sequence of the codimensions of the polynomial identities \\(c_n(R)\\), \\(n=1,2,\\ldots\\), of any associative PI-algebra \\(R\\) over a field of characteristic 0 has integral exponential growth, i.e. \\(\\exp(R)=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}(c_n(R))^{1/n}\\) exists and is an integer.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe algebras of exponent 0 are nilpotent. Those of exponent 1 (i.e. with polynomial growth of the codimensions) have been described by \\textit{A. R. Kemer} [Sib. Mat. Zh. 19, 54-69 (1978; Zbl 0385.16009), English translation: Sib. Math. J. 19, 37-48 (1978); and Varieties of finite rank (Russian), in Proc. 15-th All-Union algebra conf., Krasnoyarsk, vol. 2 (1979), p. 73]. In particular, \\(\\exp(R)=1\\) if and only if \\(R\\) satisfies polynomial identities \\(f=0\\) and \\(g=0\\) which do not hold for the Grassmann algebra and the algebra of \\(2\\times 2\\) upper triangular matrices, respectively. In the present paper the authors go further and describe all PI-algebras such that \\(\\exp(R)=2\\). They give a list of 5 algebras \\(A_1,\\ldots,A_5\\) (all appearing naturally in the PI-theory) such that \\(\\exp(R)>2\\) if and only if some \\(A_i\\) satisfies all polynomial identities of \\(R\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2731891$7DD6ABE3-5B1B-4591-8E3A-C4C620AE12EA","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"08212ce4707e37d420e92ca5e5c9b907cc6ec418","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":375678,"id":"Q375678"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2731891$C53BFD20-9682-44FF-96EF-005CF4F0FAFE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2d9f34e441227c6f9b9bb66207e7d721b6aedbf9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3559330,"id":"Q3559330"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cd75d11b65908360d327ac33c5480b530642ae43","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8769397139549255","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2731891$16428B82-4961-43C3-B81B-E5E7302EFD84","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"16b908e04198d64fd7a356186cb09decb8d13d4b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":950212,"id":"Q950212"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6c520482318d64910ccaca033f1c2856add4307d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8750317096710205","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2731891$959DDCAE-25D0-4A5D-9D19-837EB3970AE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3448758aa27a847de52dad8581ec767e4a4a343f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3081158,"id":"Q3081158"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d1d58e6138a437ad6c8066b274060781f6f29536","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8628297448158264","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2731891$4D337149-6923-47A0-B2EE-F7ECF42C1A4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2ddf9f9ad6f5b0fed36f8692e215ea4ec5eaec20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5946412,"id":"Q5946412"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"887f0f7e7edf178e4ee37aaf57d57d2f7b289c7d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8613874316215515","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2731891$15236C47-F121-4C1A-AFB6-516CD67FD8BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0ed29a36628a2bd38c0d0798f40e172c95af69b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4819317,"id":"Q4819317"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e608d9f4c0be9671460485ed78c8edb09fc5cd29","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8611518144607544","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2731891$685DBAA4-416F-49B7-991A-1626682DF9A0","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2731891","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2731891"}}}}}