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Lie algebras and Bogoyavlensky's \\((2+1)\\)-dimensional equation","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2734541$AA27F1DA-746E-4DCA-B423-02445DF349A6","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"efd05916d2ebe69ebc945341f88c09966f549365","datavalue":{"value":"In the early 1980s E. Date, M. Kashiwara and others discovered that the Lie algebra \\(\\mathfrak {gl}(\\infty)\\) acts on the solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy. In 1999 Y. Billig, K. Iohara and others derived new hierarchies of Hirota bilinear equations from the 2-toroidal Lie algebra \\(\\mathfrak g^{tor}\\), a central extension of double loop algebras \\(\\mathfrak g(s^{\\pm 1},t^{\\pm 1})\\) of a simple Lie algebra \\(\\mathfrak g\\). Applying the construction to the case \\(\\mathfrak g^{tor}=\\mathfrak {sl}^{\\text{tor}} _l\\) the authors obtain an extension of the \\(l\\)-reduced KP hierarchy of Hirota bilinear form. For simplicity of exposition, the authors consider the case \\(\\mathfrak g=\\mathfrak {sl}_2\\). The typical Hirota bilinear equations of lower degree are NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE (D^4 _x -4D_x D_t)\\tau \\cdot \\tau=0, \\qquad (D_yD_x ^3 +2 D_yD_t -5D_zD_x)\\tau \\cdot \\tau=0. NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE The first equation is a famous bilinear form of the KdV equation \\(4u_t=6uu_x+u_{xxx}\\) with \\(u=2(\\log \\tau)_xx\\). The second equation can be written as a Bogoyavlensky (2+1)-dimensional equation that has an equivalent Lax form: NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\frac{\\partial P}{\\partial z}=[P\\partial_y+C,P], NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(=\\partial_x ^2+u, C=v \\partial_x+\\frac{3}{4}u_y, v=(\\log \\tau)_{xy}\\). The object of the paper under review is to establish a Lax formalism of the Hirota bilinear equations arising from \\(\\mathfrak{sl}^{\\text{tor}}_l\\) for any \\(l\\geq 2\\). For this purpose the \\(l\\)-Bogoyavlensky hierarchy is introduced and the family of special solutions called breaking solitons is constructed.NEWLINENEWLINEThe structure of the paper is as follows. In Sec. 2 the discussion of the hierarchy from the viewpoint of representation theory and a definition of the algebra \\(\\mathfrak g ^{\\text{tor}}\\) are given. It is proved that every vector \\(\\tau\\) in the \\(SL^{\\text{tor}}_l\\)-orbit of the vacuum vector satisfies a hierarchy of Hirota bilinear equations. In Sec. 3 the review of the Lax formalism of the KP hierarchy and the heuristic introduction to the Bogoyavlensky hierarchy are given. Then the \\(l\\)-Bogoyavlensky hierarchy for each \\(l \\geq 2\\) is considered. In Sec. 4 the residue formula for the Baker-Akhiezer functions of the hierarchy is obtained that lead to the same system of Hirota bilinear equations. In Sec. 5 the special solutions of the hierarchy, i.e. the Wronskian solutions and \\(N\\)-solitons are derived. 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