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purpose of this paper is to collect some tools of Nevanlinna theory, which are used in the study of meromorphic solutions of differential, difference, and \\(q\\)-difference equations, in a common toolbox for the study of general classes of functional equations by introducing the notion of a good linear operator, which satisfies certain regularity conditions in terms of value distribution theory. Let \\(\\mathcal{M}\\) be the field of meromorphic functions in the complex plane, and let \\(\\mathcal{N}\\subset\\mathcal{M}\\). A linear operator \\(L:\\mathcal{N}\\rightarrow\\mathcal{N}\\) is a good linear operator for \\(\\mathcal{N}\\) with the exceptional set property \\(\\mathbb{P}\\) if the following two properties hold: NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE (1) for any \\(f\\in\\mathcal{N}\\), \\(\\displaystyle m\\left(r,\\frac{L(f)}f\\right)=o(T(r,f)) \\) as \\(r\\to\\infty\\) outside of an exceptional set \\(E_f\\) with the property \\(\\mathbb{P}\\); NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE (2) the counting functions \\(N(r,f)\\) and \\(N(r,L(f))\\) are asymptotically equivalent. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE The authors apply these methods to study the growth of meromorphic solutions of the functional equation \\(M(z, f) + P(z, f) = h(z)\\), where \\(M(z, f)\\) is a linear polynomial in f and \\(L(f)\\), where \\(L\\) is good linear operator, \\(P(z, f)\\) is a polynomial in \\(f\\) with degree deg \\(P\\geq2\\), both with small meromorphic coefficients, and \\(h(z)\\) is a meromorphic function. For example, let, for any \\(f\\in\\mathcal{N}\\), \\(N(r,f)=o(T(r,f))\\) as \\(r\\to\\infty\\) outside of an exceptional set \\(E_f\\) with the property \\(\\mathbb{P}\\), and let \\(\\{L_k,k\\in J\\}\\) be a finite collection of good linear operators for \\(\\mathcal{N}\\) with the exceptional set property \\(\\mathbb{P}\\). If \\(f_1,f_2\\in\\mathcal{N}\\) are any two meromorphic solutions of the equation NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE M(z,f)+P(z,f)=h(z)\\,, NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(P(z,f)=b_2(z)f^2+\\dots+b_n(z)f^n\\) is a polynomial in \\(f\\) with small meromorphic coefficients, \\(h\\in\\mathcal{M}\\), and \\(M(z,f)\\) is a linear polynomial in \\(f\\) and \\(L_k(f)\\), \\(k\\in J\\), with small meromorphic coefficients, then NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE T(r,f_2)=O(T(r,f_1))+o(T(r,f_1)), NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(r\\to\\infty\\) outside of an exceptional set \\(E\\) with the property 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