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modes of turbulent channel flow: transport and structure.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2763803$2B485C65-17B9-4A99-915F-FBCCCB071C60","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"35341ca4d5ef61ecb8235cc74838e350fea25ce6","datavalue":{"value":"Turbulent flow in a rectangular channel is investigated to determine the scale and pattern of the eddies that contribute most to the total turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds shear stress. Instantaneous, two-dimensional particle image velocimeter measurements in the streamwise-wall-normal plane at Reynolds numbers \\(Re_h = 5378\\) and 29 935 are used to form two-point spatial correlation functions, from which the proper orthogonal modes are determined. Large-scale motions -- having length scales of the order of the channel width and represented by a small set of low-order eigenmodes -- contain a large fraction of the kinetic energy of the streamwise velocity component and a small fraction of the kinetic energy of the wall-normal velocities. Surprisingly, the set of large-scale modes that contains half of the total turbulent kinetic energy in the channel, also contains two-thirds to three-quarters of the total Reynolds shear stress in the outer region. Thus, it is the large-scale motions, rather than the main turbulent motions, that dominate turbulent transport in all parts of the channel except the buffer layer. Samples of the large-scale structures associated with the dominant eigenfunctions are found by projecting individual realizations onto the dominant modes. In the streamwise wall-normal plane their patterns often consist of an inclined region of second quadrant vectors separated from an upstream region of fourth quadrant vectors by a stagnation point/shear layer. The inclined Q4/shear layer/Q2 region of the largest motions extends beyond the centreline of the channel and lies under a region of fluid that rotates about the spanwise direction. This pattern is very similar to the signature of a hairpin vortex. Reynolds number similarity of the large structures is demonstrated, approximately, by comparing the two-dimensional correlation coefficients and the eigenvalues of the different modes at the two Reynolds numbers.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2763803$C45EDE57-987E-48A4-BA47-DD1825DA3AB3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"48b9ba2a934973936286757a63e72846524ddca8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5301926,"id":"Q5301926"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d0d055e6038174cd6f1aa1291f59ca57717fc18","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8408324122428894","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2763803$C431864B-73D1-4F55-B51C-9EED3D74ECE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8f1701a70436fa35e2536ce812442f40398e2b21","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5472284,"id":"Q5472284"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b22e8df7e7ad14e1ce842b69402e08e8b8db8c20","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8298137784004211","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2763803$D63DC5B0-9865-4171-B232-95CE4F0D34D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"90f9ff57783c0ade715dad47a8625ae6251f374d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5702426,"id":"Q5702426"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0a6f65079bfbc7130d5c250420d6ac93a44fca7d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8219340443611145","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2763803$CD5AC722-88DE-4FCA-A50B-0BBFE4BEA174","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a2a72c0ce9c19c54423c1c87cb37feb9c7f37a5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5429527,"id":"Q5429527"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2a9420adf29b2d1e1d170cf9e109d34c0a565c45","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.795195460319519","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2763803$C2FAB5FA-E54B-4C5D-B92B-ACA4F15BA012","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"588ba7a7be181d677115176f8f9164bfdec36b34","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5225833,"id":"Q5225833"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"086d62e0585673ebd99b788140f319665a1d02b7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7930977940559387","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2763803$20DDFCD5-5843-492B-B0DF-7EE6F0436C03","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2763803","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2763803"}}}}}