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integers \\(m,n\\geq 3\\), the triangle group has the presentation NEWLINE\\[NEWLINET(2,m,n)=\\langle y,z\\mid y^m=z^n=(yz)^2=1\\rangle.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE The pair \\(\\{m,n\\}\\) is hyperbolic if \\(1/m+1/n<1/2\\). ``The main aim of this article is to \\dots show that linear representations of triangle groups play a central role in the algebraic theory of regular maps.'' NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINESections 1 and 2 provide rich historical background and lucid motivation for the sequel. In \\S 3 a group \\(G\\) is defined to be residually finite if for any finite \\(M\\) such that \\(1_G\\notin M\\subset G\\), there exists \\(N\\triangleleft G\\) of finite index disjoint from \\(M\\). It is shown that residual finiteness of \\(T(2,m,n)\\) when \\(1/m+1/n\\leq 1/2\\) is equivalent to the existence of certain finite regular maps on orientable surfaces of positive genus. In \\S 5, ``one of the main goals \\dots{} is to derive a method for converting faithful representations in linear groups over polynomial rings \\dots{} into \\(r\\)-locally faithful representations in finite groups.'' This is then applied to the triangle groups. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEA map on a compact surface \\(\\mathcal{S}\\) of positive genus is said to have planar width larger than \\(r\\) if every non-contractible simple closed curve on \\(\\mathcal{S}\\) intersects the underlying graph of \\(M\\) at more than \\(r\\) points. Let \\({\\mathcal G}_r(m,n)\\) denote the collection of underlying graphs of \\(m\\)-covalent, \\(n\\)-valent maps having planar width larger than \\(r\\). The following two results appear in \\S 6. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 5. For every \\(r\\) and every hyperbolic pair \\(\\{m,n\\}\\), there exists a map in \\({\\mathcal G}_r(m,n)\\) with at most \\(C^r\\) edges for some \\(C<2^{72(m+n)(mn)^3}\\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 6. Let \\(\\{m,n\\}\\) be hyperbolic and \\(r\\geq m\\). If \\(m\\) has no prime divisor \\(\\leq 2n\\), then every graph in \\({\\mathcal G}_r(m,n)\\) is an arc-transitive non-Cayley graph. 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