{"entities":{"Q2770038":{"pageid":2780776,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2770038","lastrevid":47739097,"modified":"2026-01-02T14:01:58Z","type":"item","id":"Q2770038","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A nonstandard-analysis characterization of submanifolds in Euclidean space"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1702476"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$32CC6E2B-44E7-41B5-973E-1024EE25FF63","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"29a4aa70d2a44fafef08bd3f176930f731f1db19","datavalue":{"value":"0987.53003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$B94486EB-FAFF-4762-BCD8-86727025DAF4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0bd22e9bdafff3cc4af9c050513c24081452898e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-02-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$0B573967-F61A-4C69-871F-63216FAC70AC","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"524d3c563883ee59213b4e5fbfd15a703fa4530c","datavalue":{"value":"https://eudml.org/doc/121858","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$A52772EC-54D7-422D-A6C0-45519ABE60B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"b58b40911741a82d9e96ba7f985a83d222cae917","datavalue":{"value":"http://www.emis.de/journals/BJGA/6.1/3.html","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$D527436B-E314-494D-A2BC-59EC0D96DAF2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"38987b853c2dfc0a00877e7a393df62ac59b4bc0","datavalue":{"value":"53A07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$7F425588-A558-4BA7-8595-C63E5A24D3BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"df8574ca221627a3b631e5712574287946b0b18d","datavalue":{"value":"26E35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$F2C91DF0-2318-4461-88D0-A7673F62CB00","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"fab6537b49ba53fdd654a218175ecc9488d9cf25","datavalue":{"value":"1702476","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$C144395A-B86B-4063-A429-B4B17C2D508A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a11cf132947b7b29693c82a290ecbf2e4989b042","datavalue":{"value":"nonstandard analysis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$AC9F0250-197B-40CC-82FE-0F5CA9321FED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"259f073173da8fa9adb816dd08f55a69c4d7010a","datavalue":{"value":"submanifolds","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$20000855-76E5-4C6B-A098-D51815742CFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"28c9fa8e5960f80c31fe7610cf8d871fdc21e4a5","datavalue":{"value":"Nelson approach","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$9B0AC923-C30B-438D-A3F2-F6C0907D29CB","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"51b1fe3262fad1cdc2a699147b613b5bcb7a7b3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":215613,"id":"Q215613"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$2FB72C14-1A15-4248-9E67-9A403FA1DA13","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$7D8627F9-92A6-4A8B-96DC-D264DE0D4671","rank":"normal"}],"P1633":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1633","hash":"c3ec7b0ffa1950dfaf1d31a481825f67957c8bf9","datavalue":{"value":"bafkreiczohb6n6vkbapuaiqzzgujljkkfdu3nwlont5lfquhv3bdiut2ie","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$942130E9-9413-48C8-B130-9269D69EEBAF","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"b1660ed688d85addb690f812a71c4677d4af2238","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A nonstandard-analysis characterization of submanifolds in Euclidean space","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$E6990380-6C22-4F38-B507-1945C4589160","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e230bb8d35db51f4607c3ecb400ac80194cbae62","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6768016,"id":"Q6768016"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$EA43154A-D943-4E48-B5A3-55FA8C701CAD","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7f0c5d11695e06dc89e7ee7c3424c3e74925511b","datavalue":{"value":"The nonstandard analysis [see \\textit{A. Robert}, Nonstandard Analysis, Wiley, New York (1988; Zbl 0629.26015)] is used in the \\textit{E. Nelson's approach} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 83, 1165-1198 (1977; Zbl 0373.02040)]. The following characterization for \\(C^1\\)-submanifolds in Euclidean \\(n\\)-space is given.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem. A standard subset \\(M^m\\subset \\mathbb{R}^n\\), \\(n\\ll\\infty\\) a positive standard integer, is a \\(C^1\\)-submanifold if and only if there exists a standard tangent plane map \\(T: M\\to G(m,n)\\) into the set of affine \\(m\\)-planes such that, for every near standard (in \\(M\\)) point \\(p\\in M\\),NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(a) \\(p\\) lies on its tangent plane, \\(p\\in T_p\\);NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(b) the orthogonal projection \\(\\pi_p: M\\to T_p\\) is an infinitesimal bijection;NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(c) the angle that the secant line through \\(p\\) and any infinitely close point \\(q\\in M\\), \\(q= p+ dp\\simeq p\\), forms with \\(T_p\\) is infinitesimal: \\(|q-\\pi_p(q)|\\simeq_{|dp|}0\\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEHere \\(q\\simeq_\\mu p\\) for \\(p,q\\in \\mathbb{R}^n\\) means that \\({|q-p|\\over |\\mu|}\\leq \\varepsilon\\) for all standard \\(\\varepsilon> 0\\) (or, \\(q= p\\) in case \\(\\mu= 0\\)).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$CF070196-7729-4325-B4BA-69C8F7893F0F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"aa263b21939d8f630115e6f5dbadc0241ff330c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1091627,"id":"Q1091627"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2770038$5CADD0BA-0D52-4670-8B24-534B3636889D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"26407d893ecef2516e76d7e1090ad872e3befb68","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3163043,"id":"Q3163043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b0ddf5ed0afdf914cda78dbc47300fd75243171b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7748284935951233","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2770038$D52EF90D-423A-4C30-897D-F710C3F3D49D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"242e5cd49c82ce60c8d8dab1723dfbf29ddaf65c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5440855,"id":"Q5440855"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6efb072e3b5d4440843914af0d0a12674f8389f8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7516321539878845","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2770038$DDC564CA-097C-441D-BFDD-618D5C2D81AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"286d65d20a2ff22252f26fc17ca62af9e9734edc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2770049,"id":"Q2770049"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a49ae2369e4047b16a129d327f3b07545f1c0332","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7205216884613037","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2770038$9AAB307A-917C-46E7-BDDE-21A6D06B2AF4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"db74de74755dce85137613d7d537720b225eb5db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3752156,"id":"Q3752156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"03abff12088f5a599209a08cee35aabcaeffced4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.720521092414856","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2770038$0C50FD85-09F0-45F0-8B41-F2E3B96A8D61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2d2bb55463e148bf269529f5b65c988c959b0078","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4668360,"id":"Q4668360"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2aee0d6d9801fc0f22185c7f7b4d759038b8b247","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.718612015247345","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2770038$FE9D338E-B223-473E-9F61-379DD50C06F1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2770038","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2770038"}}}}}