{"entities":{"Q2774553":{"pageid":2785291,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2774553","lastrevid":83202131,"modified":"2026-05-07T06:37:50Z","type":"item","id":"Q2774553","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The Monge metric on the sphere and geometry of quantum states"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1710988"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$7A75CEF8-27C9-42D0-A802-FC8BB2142667","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"87fbb018f31a2dd8166dc38e718a74bd1d94a230","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The Monge metric on the sphere and geometry of quantum states","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$4FD7FD67-9BF7-4778-80A9-EF8D22A836B1","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"44c6539e93573a19971bb5a5af1a623c3f906402","datavalue":{"value":"1012.81009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$03E1EF7D-0179-4F71-8BD8-F820DF55CEF8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"23fc0a341de406db8ccc0b7d580cb1e071fb1428","datavalue":{"value":"10.1088/0305-4470/34/34/311","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$25FF39F0-5FD7-4A4A-A4E9-09F999A1AD8D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"255d5617bcc0c2788a545e95c56a0553646f7382","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":191647,"id":"Q191647"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$C60D8328-AF8B-4A55-B208-79A7531E7589","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"29753fd4e79400e60cf47dc141c67feb23d3cc23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":265423,"id":"Q265423"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$E71FFE50-5D19-4F1A-B87A-3747845AA2C8","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"d22281318cc11c4ca555d810af66392cf0a8c846","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2703412,"id":"Q2703412"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$04D771A0-0D8A-489E-8A7B-ED3633E39941","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"9bff9458ea0d1d72654cacb31eedf4b4fee9b5c3","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-02-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$76BEB4E3-A1AE-4B95-9744-33087BDFA318","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"3f6631e4b98a201314467e2d991dd2629680cecb","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0008016","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$D3BE9E94-ACBD-47BA-AED3-BE2E6C23DCB1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7af17f227fda8daecc6b4cd26e5d774fa965085f","datavalue":{"value":"81P68","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$F50785D5-25D0-4BCB-BEA6-7E6CBAE8435D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9212ed9eef27bc8c4e0ec315270c72eecbe29bfa","datavalue":{"value":"81R30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$467B36D3-4784-43E1-BE2F-548DCB8E5F8F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"95fdc38b9beeb1cbbfac2975717b64e2e1dcd94f","datavalue":{"value":"81P05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$09FE73FD-4004-446B-80A0-61B0448D9269","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"755e7aa36816bfd9af87874c1ec6fc057a595484","datavalue":{"value":"47N50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$6CBD7659-0445-4779-A96A-D590D7A7459D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"da72540db122f998d812b2424289595da5301dc3","datavalue":{"value":"1710988","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$2CA6856D-D5AA-4B68-96A3-E8511B3079DF","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5d86b86620f740f24f3d7f949bada3c28897fa47","datavalue":{"value":"distance between quantum states","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$88B40925-3009-4804-85C9-CD530E4096FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"248b10e56fbedd9274c469d28ff709164505189b","datavalue":{"value":"transportation problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$970EF5BF-9949-4BF7-BFF4-5E2A123921A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b7f1f6afe8faeebdbdee83710bfa90637f255516","datavalue":{"value":"decoherence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$62F318CB-9073-4817-A524-774D728F5169","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"bbdc9e3897bc3e05ea99750e9c4f3a8061de185a","datavalue":{"value":"Q112267390","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$205BBAB5-2737-4003-8FE7-44F117998F0D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$F8253FD9-1E89-4548-87AC-B9BC7C5B1383","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"319133794c89fdf7934d7518fd61e3fcb3e73921","datavalue":{"value":"W2158230813","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$D44372B1-63C4-43F4-BB7D-24571900B5CF","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b8ba5baf9fc46377986ee3e7450e2d8b1b1108db","datavalue":{"value":"In quantum mechanics, states are unit vectors in a complex-valued Hilbert space. Thus, traditionally, a distance between two quantum states is defined in terms of the corresponding Hilbert-space metric; in particular, the distance between any two orthogonal pure states -- e.g., between (almost) delta-functions located at two different points \\(x_1\\neq x_2\\) -- is the same: \\(\\sqrt{2}\\). From the physical viewpoint, it is desirable to supplement this Hilbert metric by another metric that would lead to Euclidean distance for classical points. As a starting point, the authors use the Monge metric that describes the distance between two probability distributions on a metric space \\(X\\) (e.g., on \\(\\mathbb{R}^n\\) or on a sphere), with densities \\(\\rho_1(x)\\) and \\(\\rho_2(x)\\). The idea behind Monge metric is as follows: we imagine that \\(\\rho_1(x)\\) represents the initial density of some substance at each point \\(x\\), and \\(d(\\rho_1,\\rho_2)\\) is the smallest amount of effort (in mass \\(\\times\\) distance) that is needed to move this substance so as the resulting distribution is \\(\\rho_2(x)\\). In precise terms, \\(d(\\rho_1,\\rho_2)\\) is the minimum of \\(\\int d(x,Tx)\\cdot\\rho_1(x) dx\\) over all 1-1 volume-preserving mappings \\(T:X\\to X\\) that transform \\(\\rho_1(x)\\) into \\(\\rho_2(x)\\) (i.e., for which \\(\\rho_1(x)=\\rho_2(Tx)\\cdot\\text{det}(T'(x))\\)). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe authors propose a natural quantum analogue of this definition, analyze it for \\(X=\\) sphere, and show that the resulting metric is physically appropriate for describing decoherence -- a process extremely important for quantum computing.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$1CB59DB2-3E11-4F31-800F-B79886E5D52F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"7a7a7a3dd3a08360856ececf3d8a629dcc430503","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592003,"id":"Q592003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2774553$B95EEF66-7677-4DE2-8D8B-9AE86BC5E802","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4953e36d3e16a3218f93ec76db7367b986b3ac49","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3836098,"id":"Q3836098"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"df58479ee326e3e94ce40e7ac0ccc8ae9b710b93","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8945817947387695","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2774553$7AD450DA-E970-483B-AE1E-B3B3807E2AF6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4913d10e21e3502c1fc078e7c85678b37ea7e5d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5410571,"id":"Q5410571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6ca3af895ac22366c2f4baf9ed04d5a64c5b1e5d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7797302007675171","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2774553$542DE4B7-3BF6-41DB-B459-EFE464C1BBC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"86671f137514e169e93e229a35beb91eb3ceb68b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3401885,"id":"Q3401885"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ee592c783f9c21d8d73669b973151a258042fe4f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7519031167030334","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2774553$96A5BA69-9AFC-4B3D-93AA-A91502F9FF7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8546b641d79ac41f86e1acc270568014bc91870a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3004560,"id":"Q3004560"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9c94828694d7ca1a63aaed39b81f7e2b456c5829","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.745398223400116","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2774553$60E7D778-5087-46F8-9F1B-11D093B88E58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"09c8b0f415baad628a81eedb65bfe4bc831a6ae3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4492228,"id":"Q4492228"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"403e317431d0ede57471ea98eff791aefebc624f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7388067841529846","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2774553$77ADF105-A95D-4B6E-9AC1-2E1089E09C9D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The Monge metric on the sphere and geometry of quantum states","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_Monge_metric_on_the_sphere_and_geometry_of_quantum_states"}}}}}