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us consider a sample of compressible material which occupies a bounded domain \\(\\Omega\\subset\\mathbb{R}^3\\) for any \\(t\\in[0,T]\\), \\(T>0\\) being given. We suppose further that the material is homogeneous. We indicate by \\({\\mathbf u}(x,t):= (u^1(x,t),u^2(x,t),u^3(x,t))\\) its displacement vector with respect to the unstressed state at point \\(x\\in\\Omega\\), at time \\(t\\). Also, we denote by \\(\\sigma=[\\sigma_{ij}]\\) the stress tensor and by \\(\\varepsilon({\\mathbf u})= D^s{\\mathbf u}\\) the linearized strain tensor, where \\(D^s{\\mathbf u}\\) stands for the symmetric part of the Jacobian matrix \\(D{\\mathbf u}\\). Assume that the mechanical behavior of the body is described by the linear stress-strain law NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\sigma(t)= A\\otimes\\varepsilon({\\mathbf u}_t)+ B\\otimes\\varepsilon({\\mathbf u})+ \\int^t_0 G(s)\\otimes\\varepsilon({\\mathbf u}_t(t- s))ds,\\tag{1}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(A=[A_{ijkh}]\\), \\(B=[B_{ijkh}]\\) are fourth-order tensors with constant components and \\(G=[G_{ijkh}]\\) is a time dependent relaxation tensor termed relaxation kernel. Here \\(\\otimes\\) stands for the usual tensor product and the standard symmetry properties \\(A_{ijkh}= A_{khij}= A_{jikh}= A_{ijhk}\\), \\(B_{ijkh}= B_{jikh}= B_{khij}= B_{ijhk}\\), and \\(G_{ijkh}= G_{khij}= G_{jikh}= G_{ijhk}\\) hold. Suppose now that \\(A\\) and \\(B\\) vanish, i.e., NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEA_{ijkh}= B_{ijkh}=0\\quad \\forall i,j,k,h\\in \\{1,2,3\\}\\tag{2}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE and, besides, let \\(G\\) be differentiable and NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEG_{ijkh}(0)\\xi_{ij} \\xi_{kh}\\geq \\alpha\\xi_{ij} \\xi_{ij}\\tag{3}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE for some positive constant \\(\\alpha\\) and any second-order symmetric tensor \\(\\xi=[\\xi_{ij}]\\). In this case, the relation (1) characterizes the so-called linear viscoelasticity of Boltzmann type. Stress-strain laws like (1) also come out from homogenization of composite materials with periodic structure at a microscopic level. To be more precise, if the microscopic mechanical behavior is described by a viscoelastic stress-strain relationship of rate type, then the homogenized macroscopic stress-strain law may contain a damping term with memory. For instance, if the stress-strain relation at a microscopic level is of Kelvin-Voight type, then the homogenization process leads to (1) where both \\(A\\) and \\(B\\) are coercive, that is NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEA_{ijkh} \\xi_{ij} \\xi_{kh}\\geq \\beta\\xi_{ij} \\xi_{ij}, \\quad B_{ijkh}\\xi_{ij}\\xi_{kh}\\geq \\beta\\xi_{ij} \\xi_{ij}\\tag{4}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE for some positive constant \\(\\beta\\) and any second-order symmetric tensor \\(\\xi=[\\xi_{ij}]\\). Here \\(G\\) needs not to be differentiable.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe author studies an inverse problem for the model (1), (4). A material with heterogeneous periodic structure at a microscopic level is considered. The microscopic mechanical behavior is described by a stress-strain law of Kelvin-Voight type. 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