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(1,\\infty)\\) and \\(B_tf(x)\\) is the integral average of \\(f\\in L_{loc}^1(\\mathbb{R}^n)\\) on the open ball \\(B(x,t)\\).NEWLINENEWLINE\\textit{R. Alabern} et al. [Math. Ann. 354, No. 2, 589--626 (2012; Zbl 1267.46048)] have presented a new characterization of the second-order Sobolev space \\(W^{2,p}(\\mathbb{R}^n)\\) with \\(1<p<\\infty\\). To be precise, for \\(1<p<\\infty\\), the following are equivalent: (i) \\(f\\in W^{2,p}(\\mathbb{R}^n)\\); (ii) \\(f\\in L^p(\\mathbb{R}^n)\\) and there exists a function \\(g\\in L^p(\\mathbb{R}^n)\\) such that \\(\\mathcal{G}(f,g)\\in L^p(\\mathbb{R}^n)\\), where \\(\\mathcal{G}(f,g)\\) is NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\mathcal{G}(f,g)(x)=\\left(\\int_0^{\\infty}\\left|\\frac{B_tf(x)-f(x)}{t^2}-B_tg(x)\\right|^2\\frac{dt}{t}\\right)^{1/2}.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE In fact, the operator \\(\\mathcal{G}(f,g)\\) can be regarded as the Littlewood-Paley \\(g\\)-function of \\(\\frac{B_tf-f}{t^2}-B_tg\\). 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