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homeomorphism \\(h\\) of the real line \\(\\mathbb{R}\\) onto itself is called quasisymmetric if and only if it is the boundary value of a quasiconformal mapping of the upper half plane \\(\\mathbb{H}\\) onto itself. There are several conformal invariants to quantify the quasisymmetry of a homeomorphism. This paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a quasisymmetric homeomorphism \\(h\\) to have equal dilatation \\(M_h\\) and maximal dilatation \\(K_h\\). The dilatation of \\(h\\), denoted by \\(M_h\\), is defined as NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEM_h=\\sup_{A, B}\\frac{\\mathrm{Mod}(h(A),h(B);\\mathbb{H})}{\\mathrm{Mod}(A,B;\\mathbb{H})},NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where the supremum is taken over all pairs of disjoint nondegenerate continua \\(A\\) and \\(B\\) on the real line. The maximal dilatation of \\(h\\), denoted by \\(K_h\\), is defined as NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINEK_h=\\inf\\{K(f): f \\text{ is a quasiconformal mapping of } \\mathbb{H} \\text{ onto itself with boundary value } h\\}. NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINEThere are examples showing that \\(M_h\\) and \\(K_h\\) are not equal to each other. If \\(h\\) is linear, then \\(M_h=K_h=1\\). So it is a natural and interesting problem to find out when the equality \\(M_h=K_h\\) holds.NEWLINENEWLINEThere is another important constant called the boundary dilatation of \\(h\\) defined by NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINEH_h=\\sup_{\\zeta\\in\\mathbb{R}}H_h(\\zeta),NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEH_h(\\zeta)=\\inf\\{K(f): f \\text{ is a quasiconformal extension of } h \\text{ in a neighborhood of }\\zeta\\in\\mathbb{R}\\}.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINEFor any quasisymmetric homeomorphism \\(h\\), \\(H_h\\leq K_h\\) and \\(M_h\\leq K_h\\). It was shown that if \\(M_h=K_h\\), then either \\(H_h=K_h\\) or \\(h\\) is induced by an affine mapping. Here ``\\(h\\) is induced by an affine mapping'' means that \\(h=\\phi_2\\circ A_K\\circ\\phi_1^{-1}|_{\\mathbb{R}}\\), where \\(\\phi_1\\) and \\(\\phi_2\\) are conformal mappings between rectangles and \\(\\mathbb{H}\\), and \\(A_K(x+iy)=x+iKy\\). NEWLINEHowever, it was known that this condition is not sufficient for \\(M_h=K_h\\), shown by some examples with \\(H_h=K_h\\) and \\(M_h<K_h\\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE In this paper, the authors introduce the quasisymmetric exponent of \\(h\\), denoted by \\(\\alpha_h\\), and establish that \\(M_h=K_h\\) if and only if \\(\\alpha_h=K_h\\) or \\(h\\) is induced by an affine mapping. The exponent is defined as \\(\\alpha_h=\\sup_{x\\in\\mathbb{R}}\\alpha_h(x)\\), and \\(\\alpha_h(x)=\\inf \\lambda\\), where for all distinct triples \\(a,b,c\\) in a neighborhood \\(N\\) of \\(x\\), if NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\frac{|c-b|}{|b-a|}\\leq t,\\;\\;\\text{ then} \\;\\;\\frac{|h(c)-h(b)|}{|h(b)-h(a)|}\\leq M\\max\\{t^{\\lambda},t^{\\frac{1}{\\lambda}}\\},NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(M\\) is a constant. First, the authors compare these various conformal invariants and show that \\(\\alpha_h\\leq M_h\\leq K_h\\) and \\(\\alpha_h\\leq H_h\\leq K_h\\). In the proof of these inequalities, the Teichm\u00fcller function \\(\\Psi(t)\\), \\(t>0\\), plays an important role. The Teichm\u00fcller function is defined byNEWLINE NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\mathrm{mod}([-1,0],[t,+\\infty];\\mathbb{C})=\\frac{2\\pi}{\\ln\\Psi(t)}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINEand satisfies the well-known equality NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\lim_{t\\rightarrow +\\infty}\\frac{\\ln\\Psi(t)}{\\ln t}=1.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Because of these inequalities, it is easy to see that \\(\\alpha_h=K_h\\) is a stronger condition than \\(H_h=K_h\\), and it is obvious that if \\(\\alpha_h=K_h\\) then \\(M_h=K_h\\). The next point is to show the necessary part, that is, if \\(M_h=K_h\\), then either \\(h\\) is induced by an affine mapping or \\(\\alpha_h=K_h\\). In the proof, the authors analyze three cases of how \\(M_h\\) is attained. Apart from the cases where \\(h\\) is induced by an affine mapping, in the totally degenerate case, they get that \\(M_h\\leq \\alpha_h\\). So together with \\(\\alpha_h\\leq M_h\\) which is commonly true, if \\(M_h=K_h\\), then in the totally degenerate case, one has \\(\\alpha_h=M_h=K_h\\). Using these invariants, a classification of the elements in the universal Teichm\u00fcller space is obtained in the paper, that is, \\(\\alpha_h=K_h\\), \\(\\alpha_h<H_h=K_h\\) (\\(h\\) has a substantial boundary point) or \\(\\alpha_h\\leq H_h<K_h\\) (\\(h\\) is a Strebel point).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2790822$5A848D0F-A6A8-43FC-BEF4-A7612B526189","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"af49523b2bae73bc5336380e088c4ccb44896b38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":294498,"id":"Q294498"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2790822$FB91906A-E6E7-475D-A6EF-B848A92D3FC4","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2790822","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2790822"}}}}}