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author introduces a \\textit{horocyclic deformation} of Riemann surfaces, which is essentially an embedding of the real line in the Teichm\u00fcller space \\(\\mathcal{T}(X_0)\\), whose image coincides with a certain horocycle in a Teichm\u00fcller disk.NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(F\\) be a measured foliation on \\(X_0\\), and let \\(x=(X,f)\\) be a point in the Teichm\u00fcller space \\(\\mathcal{T}(X_0)\\). We denote by \\(\\mathcal{R}^t_{[F]}\\) the Teichm\u00fcller deformation directed by \\(F\\), and by \\(\\mathcal{H}^s_{[F]}\\) the horocyclic deformation directed by \\(F\\), where \\(s,t\\) are both real numbers. We refer to Section 3 of the paper for the definitions.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author shows some basic properties of the horocyclic deformation (Section 3.3):NEWLINENEWLINE1) There is a horocyclic deformation between any two points of the Teichm\u00fcller space. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE 2) The horocyclic deformation and the Teichm\u00fcller deformation commute: \\(\\mathcal{H}^s_{[F]}\\circ\\mathcal{R}^t_{[F]}=\\mathcal{R}^t_{[F]}\\circ\\mathcal{H}^s_{[F]}\\) for any real \\(s,t\\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE 3) The horocyclic deformation perserves the extremal length of the measured foliation: \\( \\text{Ext}_{\\mathcal{H}^s_{[F]}(x)}(F)=\\text{Ext}_x(F)\\) for any \\(s\\), where \\(\\text{Ext}_x(F)\\) is the extremal length of \\(F\\) on \\(X\\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE The Teichm\u00fcller deformation and the horocyclic deformation use the extremal length, which naturally appears when \\(\\mathcal{T}(X_0)\\) is defined from the conformal point of view. An alternative definition of the Teichm\u00fcller space uses the hyperbolic metric, which leads to two other deformations: the earthquakes and the stretches. The above-stated properties can be compared to those of the earthquakes and stretches from the hyperbolic standpoint [\\textit{S. P. Kerckhoff}, Ann. Math. (2) 117, 235--265 (1983; Zbl 0528.57008); \\textit{G. Th\u00e9ret}, A propos de la m\u00e9trique asym\u00e9trique de Thurston sur l'espace de Teichm\u00fcller d'une surface. Strasbourg: Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur (PhD thesis) (2005)]. In particular, the horocyclic deformation can be seen as an analogue of the earthquake deformation. The two perspectives of the Teichm\u00fcller space lead to two compactifications: the Gardiner-Masur compactification (conformal) and the Thurston compactification (hyperbolic).NEWLINENEWLINEThe main theorem of the paper shows that the horocyclic deformation converges in the Gardiner-Masur compactification in two particular cases: \\(F\\) is either a uniquely ergodic measured foliation, or \\(F\\) is a simple closed curve. Moreover, the limits can be computed, and they are seen to be equal to the limit of the corresponding Teichm\u00fcller deformation in the Gardiner-Masur compactification. Namely, the author shows that, in the above-mentioned two cases, NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\lim_{t\\to\\pm\\infty}\\mathcal{H}^t_{[F]}= [F] =\\lim_{t\\to\\pm\\infty}\\mathcal{R}^t_{[F]}. NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE One can also see that in these two cases, the limits of the horocylic deformation are also contained in the Thurston compactification.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author also gives an example of a horocylic deformation that converges to a limit which is different from the limit of the corresponding Teichm\u00fcller 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