{"entities":{"Q2800905":{"pageid":2811643,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2800905","lastrevid":56897226,"modified":"2026-03-24T12:38:22Z","type":"item","id":"Q2800905","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A uniform approach to normality for topological spaces"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6570456"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$0BEBFC96-D985-4B0B-8906-39A06AEE6855","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"d388faedb92f8fcb01db061aff5352520810e2b6","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A uniform approach to normality for topological spaces","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$C00C669B-2522-4FCC-A182-E59FA46B14F7","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"46c762d9fbe15ac744b2c43edfcf4a2ab6784d95","datavalue":{"value":"1355.54002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$3DA704E0-8AF3-4071-944B-8D7A47F5BC3D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ad42978a664b0305d95cd63e24ca3c4af40a0ee2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":828715,"id":"Q828715"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$D589A137-B5BD-4271-8339-7E21AC3E846A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"98f8c51081a0dca9c312759a73c36ca13bde86eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1311760,"id":"Q1311760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$5E01ED6E-6F7A-4C99-B0F3-7271647E9EE9","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1ee8d0b0595e5a2e17b1decf33b9846ce6b040c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2756138,"id":"Q2756138"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$3D53F6D7-76B1-4C60-8697-5BA9048B453D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3ca45399d7f8e443a58842f216d6469aabc08f0c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-04-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$5CA1327E-2504-4B0A-8004-41C1E2976351","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9a74b099c042ea6e846e1f740298ec70c9db4aa8","datavalue":{"value":"54A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$0223AEF6-FDE8-463F-BC50-B8F6279B4281","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e2193e4c351a5ae8a19e08e563c2540f53af0e96","datavalue":{"value":"54D10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$95DCC416-E050-46BC-B8BF-3DDCA43E8D4C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ce316155195ce2c68e4a9525d9ed94b129ed5102","datavalue":{"value":"6570456","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$F8094C2C-6DFC-4D49-9E4E-76F84562A371","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e96760ca2af879a58060d0db3f13281ff2da1103","datavalue":{"value":"generalized topology","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$17BB40C2-4541-40B2-900F-38916DE692E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3e269bbc40a3436145ec6a354f8d878b3c6bcc99","datavalue":{"value":"normality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$6185D652-A2C1-477F-9C3C-51FCF0CBA20E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d3d663c92cc86288e2df478c487898f3815f9ec0","datavalue":{"value":"regularity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$856A3782-320A-4479-A400-E1DB6366195D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$5C15C97B-5546-42F5-998E-A96FCE84582B","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f649410f1126c21d8218d3f74f726ba9443f119a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2016.3919","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$EFFB8A97-7426-4C20-9398-91F43AC6571B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"3ae9d945355377fe608f647156b6db9c0702fabb","datavalue":{"value":"W2317362101","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$334BA63E-432D-4A9F-8D92-3EC1654D9336","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d95222c4e1226922e7a1a2d8e9fe5839e0bfa6f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5252320,"id":"Q5252320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$C386A798-BBA6-4882-B475-9B1F02E12644","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef92aa5357d66560ddecda86ff24f250c4a6a79f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5917786,"id":"Q5917786"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$5F56F4D6-1460-4B77-B403-BD7311A0F6A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"db5c5ada75fe5665fc2c8777da46d56d12a31dd4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3150236,"id":"Q3150236"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$ACECC4AC-C0B0-4B25-828F-6C0A77EEDBD0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aa76630decc61305bf5c0f7a8ec8e151bc86cfb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3293844,"id":"Q3293844"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$7A6F65CB-BD18-46CA-812B-561559B67F64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"01be2bfe4021d8fc3433bf77a3a965a8379958f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3850432,"id":"Q3850432"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$0BFB45FB-9B0F-42DC-AAE2-7438F8B6458C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e5a161666215f18f8021cdc005c0a7c08c131d9d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3687317,"id":"Q3687317"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$B309CE6A-BFC1-4742-8578-264F1BB21821","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5018fb0009c36b77529d15fe63aba5b1dc581897","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2521768,"id":"Q2521768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$AE29ED93-D3CE-407D-8322-0AEF2CBF33C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4b2d620829a2ad85b6e3e52edef34c614484bb4c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":705730,"id":"Q705730"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$58A2F83D-572E-490D-8FB7-C276C71B62B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0b44fa529a2b864f8f675ba4723dbc33acb6ea29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":795354,"id":"Q795354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$E906B318-34E6-4D82-B609-68435062CE25","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4b9cfb13e058410237dcba4c99e9833fb7395db1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5903341,"id":"Q5903341"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$7A3D0445-B8E3-4EB3-8209-3D6FB443CDE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e3cdba8d518b42093f253c43c67fb1bdff329a20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":757877,"id":"Q757877"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$85D307FA-7631-4ACF-B62D-AA2CFA28480B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8d003fc54fd09a4ebc0be09458ab94ee293cc1ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2428623,"id":"Q2428623"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$272DF1D8-A562-4390-8D54-18E0C25909AE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"a7cd62b4b1a2d1151af4aa44512a9a348f95894c","datavalue":{"value":"10.4995/AGT.2016.3919","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$A2F8AAEC-C6DD-4913-827A-D91DFE84A1DE","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2d6608f1dfe1b00194ab241c36f3194399e92291","datavalue":{"value":"A large amount of research in topology includes semi-open sets, \\(\\alpha\\)-open sets, \\(\\beta\\)-open sets, pre-open sets, etc. Then later on A-sets, B-sets, C-sets, etc. were defined and studied. A. Cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r used the class of mappings \\(\\gamma: P(X)\\rightarrow P(X)\\) such that \\(A\\subseteq B \\Rightarrow \\gamma(A)\\subseteq \\gamma(B)\\), to give an answer that these classes can be obtained by using one common definition. All these families form ``generalized topologies''.NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper, the authors introduce and investigate a generalized form of normality called \\((\\lambda,\\mu)\\)-normality for generalized topologies. They use two GT's simultaneously in their definition. By this definition, they obtain a more general form of normality. They provide a uniform approach towards various notions of normality existing in the literature. For example, let \\((X,\\tau)\\) be a topological space, then by taking \\(\\lambda = \\mu = \\mathrm{int}\\), they get normality for \\(X\\); by taking \\(\\lambda=\\mathrm{int}\\), \\(\\mu=cl^{*}_{\\theta}\\), they get \\(\\theta\\)-normality; by taking \\(\\lambda=\\mathrm{int}\\), \\(\\mu=cl^{*}_{\\delta}\\), they get \\(\\triangle\\)-normality for \\(X\\). Moreover, if \\((X,\\tau_{1}, \\tau_{2})\\) is a bitopological space by taking \\(\\lambda=\\mathrm{int}_{\\tau_{1}}\\) and \\(\\mu= \\mathrm{int}_{\\tau_{2}}\\) they get pairwise normality of \\((X,\\tau_{1}, \\tau_{2})\\). Then the authors also give examples that show how different sets of conditions lead to different variants of normality.NEWLINENEWLINEFinally, the authors provide generalized versions of Urysohn's lemma and the Tietze extension theorem, which hold for \\((\\lambda,\\mu)\\)-normality.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$6485D1C4-46E9-41CF-B4B6-40047BF022F7","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"6c1f2fe0c6eeff3238e68de511d6ad60593f75e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":591010,"id":"Q591010"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$331803E4-B485-41A0-AE55-9B69B9FEF6BB","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d1ff1874b107d58a3df7d7abdfc74529b867e90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5095732,"id":"Q5095732"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1ef8c714bee7c0c1904dc8f696133ff4c29526c3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8497768044471741","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2800905$D44228C6-76AB-499B-AA57-CE243DBD8226","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"12696f113b5e22d30f93ba3f1bd6f629ff75beba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2460657,"id":"Q2460657"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"83e8faafc340ca9607be5d59377d8e979b304672","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8249794244766235","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2800905$D037B012-030F-42B4-A12E-67E3D2B5D0EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1413828849cc541a816d9357a207c10b0fed5e30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3404606,"id":"Q3404606"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d9d1964ab0c6e2cf95514c56b8341feabe6871de","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.801527202129364","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2800905$66F44FCB-DA7A-440F-BFFF-954B925DFDFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b2ffb20477b2c119056591a97fda89b09f0b6a3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2502253,"id":"Q2502253"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"07da63586c06a47fc42989024f7182ec1506a97e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7942285537719727","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2800905$1DACBF7A-C944-4EC8-BF1F-8B72C4D0CBC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b06daca1520461895753e7c44c5029bdbaf8d29b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5499516,"id":"Q5499516"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"03dbc147ffc06856b4d230aa46bda1b975268135","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7822999358177185","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2800905$209B2CCE-989D-4CDC-828C-BF678EFC1B08","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"c39a117a349789e54237c0a3254f5a10c0a6517e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6830565,"id":"Q6830565"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2800905$DA8EFFA0-55D5-4B21-BED9-1FE9585044FB","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2800905","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2800905"}}}}}