{"entities":{"Q280776":{"pageid":282543,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q280776","lastrevid":60621342,"modified":"2026-04-10T18:06:40Z","type":"item","id":"Q280776","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Simple connectivity in polar spaces"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6578446"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$0FEAEAF8-516F-4E3D-826C-1C7A3490D6BE","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"185b6eea6f20764e8a3aaa1c0a0ca63ec82f06b8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Simple connectivity in polar spaces","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$3FEA9795-4429-467C-B910-0DB0EBCC2EFD","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"69ba00710a5ce58222991d4c1680319d21a69cdf","datavalue":{"value":"1343.51007","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$FF4B96DF-11E7-4A61-BDA6-0C78D4C3BA5E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0c45c286d76ac9c688e3b945c17a349b1383b925","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":280774,"id":"Q280774"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$42E78AA3-6021-4B91-862E-3A3D1951487D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"59211130a5fd3fdba082fcbf406c25c0e8b908fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":280775,"id":"Q280775"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$320DAD90-AE35-4FD0-9C95-AF61E3821006","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3adbcc7197f5d384d534e1d8d7769976295f1cd9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":162976,"id":"Q162976"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$64329B75-882B-4012-A8F9-E2A3E101227D","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8d052ea9878f7453f8cc5fa5227d90acb57531e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":254046,"id":"Q254046"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$C10CB813-0227-4FB0-9F0F-2313D711BDD1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5080655d79bf372c5c5ce3cef49e38026d2edcb7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-05-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$AF1E47CB-EAC2-4C4E-B2CD-D3A06B0112F3","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a7eff57797cea68b878730c0f932c1fd33e5fabe","datavalue":{"value":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7262293","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$9C1EFD8C-B3E4-49F7-BB4E-3427B559A25F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"8da9a152cc439e5ecbfa8b01f2b3faf58c5a2ebb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":268474,"id":"Q268474"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$A126E79B-5D67-4BCD-A1CC-58C938F0B3B7","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"24ec91b717e13006b6349217aeab62cd5c6ed704","datavalue":{"value":"51E24","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$3FE935A4-91D3-45A2-8211-195D1CD0D83E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b0d3808a0a97168541d7f68187dc7b53a4b1495c","datavalue":{"value":"51A50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$D2001AA0-BCB3-4B9C-BD8B-815BB9C81FA5","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"196632d1c7d0f7ec8465d7830f697a72f2454bdb","datavalue":{"value":"6578446","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$07B48FA8-61CF-43B8-9DF0-B59C299EDCB6","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"31dc7549e5427ac647d4acc665e8e5edd1eead77","datavalue":{"value":"non-embeddable polar space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$EE76B96E-B641-448C-B34E-5C6CECA1C749","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3981af4916f53ee695b04ef334b1f040a9d6fced","datavalue":{"value":"opposition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$559912AE-2324-4633-B65E-C450B40F2A11","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0781a500e95b7b21ce73577047f2ab620b6e62c0","datavalue":{"value":"covering degree","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$A7CDD313-4E4F-4EFA-B7D1-134740AA612C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"06885ccd6427095b3403673fa07956c256766edd","datavalue":{"value":"simple connectivity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$7A63FA72-721C-4BD3-A2F4-8AA805B51460","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e44c34731b82d7b9fd2dd55efe0e4aa6a5916e7f","datavalue":{"value":"division algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$A02C947A-8C19-41C6-9C6F-A14F724FD89B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$A20DAF0C-94D6-442E-9E99-DCEFA631F506","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6ab17d8b17c24898d071399c0658fc0ecbfc50ea","datavalue":{"value":"W2318201754","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$033304C5-85F3-4F09-900A-B8CC6C5271D7","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9af3dea611928a70e961a0c361e3af61b1ef977c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1515/FORUM-2014-0009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$6AA4AC51-A9BF-4A85-984E-9314A02C7FD5","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"139793751cd97c85988ed27c1cec9e77e06d48ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1912363,"id":"Q1912363"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"818361ff560416ebafa1b82d27e8d3e67cc1bc01","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6275953","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$B2450466-B311-490A-81AD-6DCA5A5F0B2E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c220a021b11a65ba158af4bad4d5c47a3ef89e48","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3357798,"id":"Q3357798"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"50a5859bf6fae7dea80709e16629121b6116ce27","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.62382805","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$CB4F6CB2-4DA5-4557-8358-A04B88AC12C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8e9ad608b8c13b7879e5a975a2ca2010b24ab748","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2844286,"id":"Q2844286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d330b802fda95e1c357c69e1ff4d31afcf4ff5cc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6160341","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$1740C133-F228-434E-A821-6D5971AC1B72","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"833a1a685635dfeef0d512d97dc4a17330bc13e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3464606,"id":"Q3464606"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9990f032032bf0ef6422be4b279d7c2a02d35129","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6072427","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$062B4AB9-37F4-41C6-B74C-A4AA1EBD8B78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c1308c10bad011eb3169843a98b8252ced274cc0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1120123,"id":"Q1120123"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"868bce98a21e9dee6026450f984117a6ffec89b1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6001969","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$C46B90E4-8B21-4036-8B4A-BC1AC023FA58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3b8341676e1b8a569ae9d2a393195e7c64931990","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":855307,"id":"Q855307"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"646144b1f70896dda073d0098891ec39c3e16087","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5976373","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$813B1322-D3AF-4D68-8AA8-AF48C2E5B77D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e6487cfc114db662662a83828e6d342b5bb57e1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1102540,"id":"Q1102540"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"41ba4731c796d7719728179bc50c4c4a14799570","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.59677595","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$EC1368F4-5947-487A-8FEC-35978FA9785E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fafd3c9be6b8e1dc9e9c3948ace07372c37cd43b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1315379,"id":"Q1315379"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"064e9247d14dcfa0a7360ed5183d2b18133f8314","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.59055156","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$7D6E148E-5E0B-4C06-941B-567EBD9F6EAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"35f7f13c8deb716296c73e6bcf50150aa9f168d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":404610,"id":"Q404610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d8e3fc00e07e1c407488e53a033693172afda4d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.58678895","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$12827C6B-8A0B-468D-9A5C-38AA15D8773F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b2439634d7a39cfa3b962c8faa6ef328bd694f68","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4024979,"id":"Q4024979"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bb543f343defc10c3258645630f79ec2d595cd75","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5812848","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q280776$24E089C4-1E8C-4304-AF83-A7E183B2D084","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9bfd8986824bcab6a0274fbbab62461b65dc97e2","datavalue":{"value":"In [Twin buildings and applications to \\(S\\)-arithmetic groups. Berlin: Springer (1996; Zbl 0908.20003)], \\textit{P. Abramenko} showed that for most thick rank 3 polar spaces \\(\\Delta\\) the geometry \\(\\Delta^0(C)\\) induced by the set of chambers opposite a given chamber \\(C\\) of \\(\\Delta\\) is simply connected. There were a number of cases, comprising all non-embeddable thick polar spaces and certain polar spaces of small orders, which could not be conclusively dealt with. In the paper under review, the authors settle these open cases.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the case of non-embeddable thick polar spaces of rank 3, the authors use an explicit description of such polar spaces via Cayley-Dickson division algebras given by \\textit{B. De Bruyn} and the third author [M\u00fcnster J. Math. 7, No. 2, 557--588 (2014; Zbl 1345.51004)]. They then consider a nested sequence of subgeometries \\(Y_i\\), \\(i=0,\\ldots,10\\), whose union is \\(\\Delta^0(C)\\). The first of these subgeometries, \\(Y_0\\), can be strongly contracted onto a point. It is then shown that simple connectivity is preserved at each step.NEWLINENEWLINEIn case of finite polar spaces of small orders, the authors employ a group theoretic approach via corresponding root group datum of the polar spaces and using computer calculations.NEWLINENEWLINECombining their results with the earlier ones obtained by Abramenko [loc. cit.] it is now known that if \\(C\\) is a chamber of a thick polar space \\(\\Delta\\) of rank 3, then \\(\\Delta^0(C)\\) is simply connected except for the following cases: (1) \\(\\Delta\\cong W(5, 2)\\), \\(W(5, 3)\\), \\(Q^-(7, 2)\\), \\(H(5, 2^2)\\), where the covering degree is \\(\\infty\\), (2) \\(\\Delta\\cong W(5, 4)\\), where the covering degree is 4, (3) \\(\\Delta\\cong Q(6, 3)\\), where the covering degree is 81.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q280776$604036D1-81C6-4760-94E9-05BC789F4913","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Simple connectivity in polar spaces","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Simple_connectivity_in_polar_spaces"}}}}}