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The graded version of the Grothendieck group associated with a graded ring is discussed and studied, and then it is applied to certain classification problems.NEWLINENEWLINEThe book contains six chapters: 1. Graded rings and graded modules. 2. Graded Morita theory. 3. Graded Grothendieck groups. 4. Graded Picard groups. 5. Graded ultramatricial algebras, classification via \\(K_0^{\\mathrm{gr}}\\). 6. Graded versus nongraded (higher) \\(K\\)-theory.NEWLINENEWLINEIn Chapter 1 basic results on graded rings are reviewed. The author deals only with gradings by abelian groups. Several examples are presented, including the Leavitt path algebras. In Chapter 2 the author discusses equivalences between categories of graded modules over two graded rings. Also, the relation with the equivalence of the associated categories of (non-graded) modules is studied. In Chapter 3 it is constructed and investigated the graded Grothendieck group \\(K_0^{\\mathrm{gr}}(A)\\) of a \\(\\Gamma\\)-graded ring \\(A\\), where \\(\\Gamma\\) is an abelian group. The construction is performed as a completion of the monoid of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective graded \\(A\\)-modules. It is showed that \\(K_0^{\\mathrm{gr}}(A)\\) has a structure of a \\(\\mathbb{Z}[\\Gamma]\\)-module, with the \\(\\Gamma\\)-action induced by the shift on graded modules. Explicit computations of the graded Grothendieck group are done in the case where \\(A\\) is a graded division ring, a graded local ring, or a Leavitt path algebra. In Chapter 4 it is considered the (graded version) of the Picard group of a graded ring. The commutative case is considered first, and several results are extended from the non-graded to the graded case. Extending concepts and results known in the non-graded case, the author defines graded ultramatricial algebras over a graded field in Chapter 5, and uses the graded Grothendieck group to classify them. 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