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problem","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2827398$F2EE1110-7BD7-4A48-8E1D-3EA9F4AFAD65","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"fc38fe985e03107d79404b46e53f6b2541dbe66f","datavalue":{"value":"Given a unital associative ring \\(S\\), we say that an element \\(x\\in S\\) is von Neumann regular if there exists \\(y\\in S\\) such that \\(x=xyx\\). The element \\(y\\in S\\) is known as an inner-inverse (or quasi-inverse) of \\(x\\); if \\(y\\) is invertible in \\(S\\), then \\(x\\) is said to be unit-regular. If \\(x=xyx\\) and \\(y=yxy\\), then \\(y\\) is said to be a generalized inverse of \\(x\\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper under review, the authors consider the problem of whether a nilpotent von Neumann regular element \\(x\\) of a ring \\(S\\) must be unit-regular. This fact plays an important role in the first author's proof of the fact that strongly \\(\\pi\\)-regular rings have stable range one [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 124, No. 11, 3293--3298 (1996; Zbl 0865.16007)]. Also, it is relevant for the possibility of constructing ring direct limits producing non-separative von Neumann regular rings [the first author et al., Isr. J. Math. 105, 105--137 (1998; Zbl 0908.16002)].NEWLINENEWLINEThe answer to this question is affirmative for nilpotent regular elements of exchange rings [the first author, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 124, No. 11, 3293--3298 (1996; Zbl 0865.16007), Theorem 2], and for nilpotent elements of an arbitrary ring having all its powers von Neumann regular [\\textit{K. I. Beidar} et al., Commun. Algebra 32, No. 9, 3543--3562 (2004; Zbl 1074.16005), Theorem 3.6].NEWLINENEWLINETo settle this question, the authors use a recent description of \\textit{G. M. Bergman} [J. Algebra 449, 355--399 (2016; Zbl 1338.16026)] about universally adjoining inner-inverses to arbitrary elements of an algebra over a field. With this tool at hand, they are able to show that the answer is negative, by constructing an example:NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(F\\) be a field, let \\(R=F[x]/\\langle x^3\\rangle\\), and let NEWLINE\\[NEWLINES=R\\langle q \\mid xqx=x, qxq=q\\rangleNEWLINE\\]NEWLINE the algebra obtained by freely adjoining a generalized inverse \\(q\\) of \\(x\\). Then, they use Bergman's normal form to conclude that \\(x\\) is not unit-regular.NEWLINENEWLINEAs noticed by the authors, \\textit{P. P. Nielsen} and \\textit{J. \u0160ter} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 370, No. 3, 1759--1782 (2018; Zbl 1445.16008)] independently constructed such counterexample. 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