{"entities":{"Q2828018":{"pageid":2838756,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2828018","lastrevid":58027410,"modified":"2026-04-03T12:30:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q2828018","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Families of affine ruled surfaces: existence of cylinders"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6642617"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$E32EB34A-BE52-41A3-A3DE-32317E3EC5DF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"d6b3d1de6afe7dfb4b5440fd78e3274cbf3809a6","datavalue":{"value":"1362.14065","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$57BC1736-411B-43C9-ADE8-D8BEB0D0F7BC","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"948bb3cd1dabcefb9564d65df23d84ab5b61ffcf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":253156,"id":"Q253156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$0B7F354C-3074-43DA-8534-8A98F57B2621","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6f6feb78430173d26e35521528d91382723ef7fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":479203,"id":"Q479203"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$E8091F3D-8FA5-4BF1-9CC3-0E7D748B84BC","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3bd4686aa0b2c79aec99a404ea8bb9aced65fd0c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2709964,"id":"Q2709964"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$48930F08-E32C-4053-AE8D-DD1AF1EEE2C4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1a707999eca047eb3f3f8c2c26743b59dad9c97f","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-10-24T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$1B7F5D41-CDA7-4543-BE1D-0DC3194BD6E1","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"e79670d49b7c417d650ca1dae91d74171043de39","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.1328","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$5CBAEBA5-A769-4561-8E1D-A901960FA107","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a5f0ef97aa23a1fdce4433b85e56c76863d9669e","datavalue":{"value":"14R25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$F6FF1CDA-58F8-41BF-8DDA-CAEF37AFE9FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d0b538472cf3226d49d53b7ba611898088705901","datavalue":{"value":"14D06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$7C97FAF5-F01E-4B3F-8B0E-6F79EB1937F7","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c45a7c1c201f6cde594f6bc86ae71fa45a673d34","datavalue":{"value":"6642617","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$21B6BF48-2A95-415B-AE17-74B3CDE79763","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9e55e548742c032146e9b9730b796ca60479c995","datavalue":{"value":"affine fibration","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$C63BC220-CD14-41C3-8D6A-CD16F8BD0801","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"26c06eb81d711ca47e9ddf9d4da90628e0edcc8b","datavalue":{"value":"affine ruled surface","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$C6BE63E0-A096-4068-8486-B59282324428","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9754fcb6ef9918fce7d291b2a09c530f1c9b516e","datavalue":{"value":"affine uniruled","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$9B7C9470-5156-412E-94F7-ECF301BA50B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b8c0ecf789a2f4d53f8cd2fa8953154e9d114643","datavalue":{"value":"negative Kodaira dimension","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$BF09473F-9383-4401-8AD9-622F18C1E36D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$3874ABD1-7E30-4683-9DBF-B7C8FC792336","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"9ecc7f555f57b09a0e83fe6959e2fff1a07bd121","datavalue":{"value":"W1469665369","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$9A1A4BC8-E21D-44A3-B4FD-A43B7686764F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7c66b4055876b2c59e703efc97670ad6cefb49e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5255633,"id":"Q5255633"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$BD72BF00-2C86-41D8-862A-484929CF4E58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0e37139f646ca3a6ba1de1a9d832ddd79fa6c8d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2948952,"id":"Q2948952"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$1D83DBB5-DCFC-41A0-8B41-67E98064119E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"59aa42ac56aa45dec0439c53d55143b19a866924","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2626871,"id":"Q2626871"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$730A5AEE-1547-4A98-BACA-FF305DA74132","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dcc8c4507cf78e969dc711c28a193b6fd5969608","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5626839,"id":"Q5626839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$DBA0A59C-6FC4-41B6-9AEC-2E56568BC836","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"959441d365bf81b7c3ee9c650531a6fc7cb9204f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4120673,"id":"Q4120673"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$3169B7AF-0D2C-4ED2-A809-7D07AA17AB0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"24e82dddef6b5655b1ab1144005aca34f464cc3b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1240347,"id":"Q1240347"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$7D1207D3-6DD9-47CC-BA53-F30BA1A2A3A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f47cb96fb3b187d7810623a2fc40ceba1d3cf06d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1257521,"id":"Q1257521"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$6D353E6B-B6D9-4DDD-AAAA-5A40C62342BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a9a8e333a3cf86249c2d9c9adba943164705a672","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4261396,"id":"Q4261396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$843FEA0B-5A38-4A18-958E-6A035D5384C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fd68738da8ddb4f8fc29237eba57aab77f45266b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4828540,"id":"Q4828540"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$E884CA8E-7E48-4223-8EDF-8AFCC94079D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4bf86d36f0d3a95b7be5ac2883b17b86bb04554c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1145188,"id":"Q1145188"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$E2C85D5F-2438-486D-816A-463849D63B9E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9faa9f097dc6cd8ac2f7856b30abb15d812f26fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1131215,"id":"Q1131215"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$8F9C896A-1B68-40F7-853F-3BE345E2325C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9df391dafd81831cd9da35ca4fbda5d7ca826263","datavalue":{"value":"10.1017/NMJ.2016.22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$9B5A1633-4F17-4B83-8180-2E9588EAB240","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"24365274b8cdcb9636766b431f4c7f1935fa5f82","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Families of affine ruled surfaces: existence of cylinders","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$0735CA58-835E-4A47-8A84-5EDF311140AC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a298ad9a5d3a9e16075aec82cfe47bf96e37a2fa","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(X\\) and \\(Y\\) be normal complex algebraic varieties. A dominant morphism \\(p : X \\to Y\\) is called an \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration if the general closed fibers of \\(p\\) are isomorphic to \\(\\mathbb A^1\\). If \\(X\\) is a smooth affine algebraic surface, it is well-known that \\(X\\) has negative logarithmic Kodaira dimension if and only if \\(X\\) is \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-ruled, i.e., \\(X\\) contains a Zariski open dense subset \\(U\\) of the form \\(U\\cong B\\times \\mathbb A^1\\) for a smooth curve \\(B\\) ([\\textit{M. Miyanishi} and \\textit{T. Sugie}, J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 20, 11--42 (1980; Zbl 0445.14017)], [\\textit{T. Fujita}, Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 55, 106--110 (1979; Zbl 0444.14026)]). The projection \\(U\\cong B\\times \\mathbb A^1\\to B\\) extends to an \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration \\(\\rho : X \\to C\\) where \\(C\\) is an open subset of a smooth projective model of \\(B\\). The \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration \\(\\rho : X \\to C\\) is called of affine type (resp. complete type) if the base curve \\(C\\) is affine (resp. complete).NEWLINENEWLINEAn algebraic variety \\(X\\) is called \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-uniruled if there exists a dense subset \\(U\\) such that each point \\(x\\) of \\(U\\) belongs to the image of a non-constant morphism \\(\\mathbb A^1 \\to X\\). By the authors [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 143, No. 2, 383--401 (2015; Zbl 1327.14196)], it is known that there exist smooth affine varieties of dimension \\(\\geq 3\\), which are \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-uniruled but not \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-ruled. One of such examples is a smooth affine threefold \\(X\\) with a flat morphism \\(f : X \\to \\mathbb A^1=\\mathrm{Spec} \\mathbb C[t]\\) such that general fibers have negative log Kodaira dimension and admit \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibrations of complete type only, whereas the generic fiber does not admit any \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration over \\(\\mathbb C(t)\\). Hence the threefold \\(X\\) has no \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration. However, \\(X\\) has an \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration after taking a finite covering of \\(\\mathbb A^1\\), namely, there is a finite covering \\(T\\) of \\(\\mathbb A^1\\) such that the normalization of \\(X\\times_{\\mathbb A^1}T\\) has an \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibraion [\\textit{R. V. Gurjar} et al., in: Automorphisms in birational and affine geometry. Papers based on the presentations at the conference, Levico Terme, Italy, October 29 -- November 3, 2012. Cham: Springer. 327--361 (2014; Zbl 1326.14146)]. The main result (Theorem 7) of this paper shows that this holds in general: Let \\(X\\) and \\(S\\) be normal algebraic varieties and let \\(f: X \\to S\\) a dominant morphism such that general fibers are smooth \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-ruled affine surfaces. Then there exist a dense open subset \\(S_*\\) of \\(S\\), an \u00e9tale finite morphism \\(T \\to S_*\\), and a normal \\(T\\)-scheme \\(h : Y \\to T\\) such that \\(f_T: X\\times_{S_*}T \\to T\\) factors as \\(f_T=h \\circ \\rho\\) where \\(\\rho : X\\times_{S_*}T \\to Y\\) is an \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration. In the last two sections, the authors study the case where the general fibers are irrational \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-ruled surfaces. In that case, there is an open subset \\(S_*\\) of \\(S\\) such that the restriction of \\(f\\) to \\(X_*=X\\times_SS_*\\) factors as a composite \\(h \\circ \\rho\\) for an \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration \\(\\rho : X_* \\to Y\\) and a normal \\(S_*\\)-scheme \\(h : Y \\to S_*\\) (Theorem 10). The \\(\\mathbb A^1\\)-fibration \\(\\rho: X_* \\to Y\\) can be viewed as the MRC-fibration (maximally rationally connected fibration) of a relative smooth projective model \\(\\overline X\\) of \\(X\\) over \\(S\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$9ECA95D0-2F54-4CA9-BB2C-82066D3A54E4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"91b1ddd3b0d756c60097e3e57a02463aac272517","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":211771,"id":"Q211771"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2828018$CB965571-8D73-4B65-BA7B-898909822BB3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6829f626c404f63749d720d64fc8dd862d10f5ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5954603,"id":"Q5954603"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4602e838d19daa43e1c0f480bf082dc6f926cb7c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7539917230606079","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2828018$64EE5F7B-2964-4B26-8A49-31FFC09392CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9d21ab949840fe3da4649b2a727a2879d80cee1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2948953,"id":"Q2948953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7d08386db3beb47ea3e130f2e9715c950700c6e1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7457683086395264","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2828018$6BCD5E22-99BE-4F36-8D59-AB090895A994","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"098e7089387b35930f5cb3a84e4fcf6fef0c9bf5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2419953,"id":"Q2419953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ccfa7f504288688bf7f9d13a4d29a5fcd48d7894","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.745299220085144","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2828018$6CD24041-4F3C-4D42-9287-0C3D64EF5F5A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cb22790e6649355925100b1186ed789fce78444b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4871288,"id":"Q4871288"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0a9ffa314ea6d3bcb7192cd7ff9e9dbbebd6d093","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7382802367210388","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2828018$8A328911-2E7B-4F5E-BEFA-82B107465B35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a5730134dd9646e256490bfb58fe60cce0953bac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":659866,"id":"Q659866"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3d26523286ce687f916a3cc33233c8626878eff9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7365716695785522","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2828018$F7BFC751-069D-4B4B-BE1C-596CA7B5C03E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2828018","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2828018"}}}}}