{"entities":{"Q2834879":{"pageid":2845609,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2834879","lastrevid":52682138,"modified":"2026-01-23T06:19:46Z","type":"item","id":"Q2834879","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"G\u00f6del's third incompleteness theorem"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6655862"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$F8E5751B-3BE2-4582-AA2F-87771BB2D513","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"01ba8ee36ec8d2b980456014d244124c9f88f34b","datavalue":{"value":"1360.03088","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$6322A6DF-5659-4548-851E-AFED13F0E556","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"574b208b5d2250fb240513200ac959e15394895f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1111/1746-8361.12134","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$8A2CACCE-48D4-4141-BF0C-C274D08DE7E7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"bb578a8a45e8eec7ab4a03017dec058b7669fd63","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2834878,"id":"Q2834878"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$7BAF924F-5866-4494-B748-6AA3E3F8E71F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6459ccfdc17c418caf693d4fa3ff617fd06c807a","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$1B59E150-3E3C-47EC-9261-5A93D7DEF232","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c44e4550b60355cc572c6c4d7a5a72dc0832c1d0","datavalue":{"value":"03F40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$0A9EC482-B3AE-4D8E-85A4-1BC54C8D1604","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c15287dbb142f8dc10ab92a91b8457ac3c169cd3","datavalue":{"value":"03F30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$3DADFB5E-8BD7-46FC-B763-CD294AD54BD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"920d53b3830654b0eb4e3a87ec3396145f924723","datavalue":{"value":"03-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$E7C0F6FD-A45C-4D34-B68E-04427934E358","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"855dfff3c52593115343606bc2418a3b17e5a003","datavalue":{"value":"01A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$ABC92476-34B0-4148-94A9-8EB4CFE8CE89","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"10ee3d11b2b07f2acc7906f5c73dffd7c8756cab","datavalue":{"value":"6655862","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$C3F15864-FF47-45E8-96EC-0E341FEA53AC","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2df2da178dcad00da3915f511e474a1a774599ef","datavalue":{"value":"G\u00f6del's second incompleteness theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$8A6AB6A8-DAE5-420C-9E95-2699F4282CA8","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"407afe521926f9a9983f2a2b6e85a210783a9aa7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1332146,"id":"Q1332146"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$92D9FAB1-CDB8-4698-9833-54F65CB17530","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$F7ACD4FC-FB7D-4299-AB25-992663BBF3A3","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f2dc6a9c854b1a912dc454170a8752325f410496","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12134","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$A2338AA8-A784-4EA0-87B0-AE5CD90352CB","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6bb77478fa343c9789f2520047dd259c8b8ab894","datavalue":{"value":"W2294179852","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$2A4E208B-42DF-4A63-87DA-E91A4ACE0859","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a38ce34e9393bdc053e47285315f1a8d2e189d81","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"G\u00f6del's third incompleteness theorem","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$793651AB-3977-4106-8820-3C44938390AC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"610fd86e58123c2bf006fa2ff2570c53c7367b42","datavalue":{"value":"To state that a formal system is incapable of proving its own consistency, as G\u00f6del's second incompleteness theorem does, one needs to know what it means for a sentence of formal number theory, which is a statement about numbers, to `express' the consistency of that formal system. A set of conditions a provability predicate needs to satisfy so that G\u00f6del's second incompleteness theorem holds for it can be found in in Volume 2 of the \\textit{Grundlagen der Mathematik} by Hilbert and Bernays. In the 1960s examples of provability predicates were constructed for which the corresponding consistency statement are provable for strong theories of elementary number theory.NEWLINENEWLINEIn a note appended to the translation of \\textit{On consistency and completeness} (1967), in which G\u00f6del revisited the problem of the unprovability of consistency, the focus is on alternative means of expressing the consistency of a formal system, in terms nowadays referred to as `reflection principles' (``A form al system \\(S\\) for number theory is said to satisfy a \\textit{reflection principle} for a class \\(K\\) of formulas if a formula of \\(K\\) is derivable in \\(S\\) only if it is true (in the standard model); \\(K\\)-reflection is the property of satisfying the reflection principle for \\(K\\)''). \\(S\\) is \\textit{computationally sound} if it satisfies the reflection principle for the class of quantifier-free sentences of arithmetic. When S is an extension of elementary number theory, computational soundness, consistency, and the \\(\\Pi_1\\) reflection principle for \\(S\\) are equivalent. ``G\u00f6del argued, in effect, that it is the alternative expression of the notion of consistency in terms of \\(\\Pi_1\\) reflection that we should be interested in from a foundational point of view; and he states a result that shows certain instances of the \\(\\Pi_1\\) reflection principle for a theory meeting the conditions of the second incompleteness theorem to be underivable in the theory under assumptions about the provability predicate significantly weaker than the Hilbert-Bernays conditions.''NEWLINENEWLINEThe author of this paper discusses the background of G\u00f6del's result and its philosophical significance, and presents a generalization of G\u00f6del's result.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$94B2E946-9142-4242-9F04-886FEF7F37A8","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"d2936d2ca75b282fe91002e3a0760ae48486e8ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":482534,"id":"Q482534"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2834879$C2CB824C-E6EC-4972-B2B4-B5EF613195D7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f8db1cb1b95c2ba84ed3c8510ab11965db30329","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5700817,"id":"Q5700817"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1cdc6e6f62cd676e86166633f95371231ff7cf16","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7919172048568726","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2834879$5E9F15D3-8D62-40AC-A3A5-CEE1D94D3173","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3fdcdef4c5039a393a5aaa497f1fb9f71b14dfd0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4299260,"id":"Q4299260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"efce7074f78aaaa52103721cad2899369524dc97","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7905062437057495","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2834879$694DAFAF-8DEB-4853-8744-C8621C897AE7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"86939e97a5d542c53c31437387041b64915129cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2909753,"id":"Q2909753"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"efce7074f78aaaa52103721cad2899369524dc97","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7905062437057495","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2834879$A7A43CE3-C8FC-472D-8D20-D3B234FB644A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"757812e8e312f62a0a815fd94a6c80fe1a5d99c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5001552,"id":"Q5001552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2812c82647330b9db1fea5ddac83cc7bfded6c68","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7884618639945984","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2834879$EEAB8933-AB87-474E-8CC7-0824D125D367","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15c140527b678913bd7bcc0053075e149952f0ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5890415,"id":"Q5890415"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6bd1094c3f7da66fa79ff1649813debcefbea186","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7878779768943787","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2834879$11A43CCB-846C-4C31-B018-C148E2BF4B1A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2834879","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2834879"}}}}}