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This induces a vertex coloring \\(c' : V(G) \\rightarrow {\\mathbb Z}_k\\) defined by \\(c'(v) = \\sum_{u \\in N[v]} c(u)\\), where \\(N[v]\\) is the closed neighborhood of \\(v\\). Two vertices \\(u\\), \\(v\\) are true twins if they have the same closed neighborhood and hence are adjacent and have \\(c'(u) = c'(v)\\). The coloring \\(c\\) is a closed modular \\(k\\)-coloring if \\(c'(u) \\neq c'(v)\\) for every pair of adjacent vertices that are not true twins. The minimum \\(k\\) for which \\(G\\) has a closed modular \\(k\\)-coloring is called the closed modular chromatic number of \\(G\\), denoted \\(\\overline{mc}(G)\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors study the relation between \\(\\overline{mc}(G)\\) and the chromatic number \\(\\chi(G)\\). They show that for any \\(b\\) at least two and any \\(a \\leq b\\), there is a connected graph \\(G\\) with true twins such that \\(\\overline{mc} (G) = a\\) and \\(\\chi(G) = b\\). In contrast, if \\(G\\) is connected and without true twins, then \\(\\overline{mc}(G) \\geq \\chi(G)\\). They determine exact values of \\(\\overline{mc}(G)\\) for several classes of graphs. For some regular complete multipartite graphs they give exact values of \\(\\overline{mc}(G)\\) and offer bounds for other complete multipartite graphs.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2839638$E0C12422-FE47-4C68-8AF4-38DE0FF5AEB2","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"b687a818ec58a93e77f94a71ec71ff4e2750b160","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592090,"id":"Q592090"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2839638$8BF120F5-ED66-49A8-AF99-E09503B37E90","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"026ea8dabf4248654bf7384887318f8fcd35b2a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":365959,"id":"Q365959"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5bf01c38bdc680d7ee9431d1742987325bd752bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8560420870780945","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2839638$91893C8F-5D9F-4272-B5D5-AF3AE927838B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c6976396f3c520664c7ebf2dd793c04ccd4fe518","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2860869,"id":"Q2860869"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0f0f58b2b2767102de86e212292876cfdf6aa999","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.836003839969635","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2839638$F516012B-A265-4DD1-A00A-CFC66ADCC5EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8d1718d35877cc7b81fca56298ba5860a476e521","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2869411,"id":"Q2869411"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8fc27ce1242c813afaabc92db9b27a4320aa1b21","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8311359286308289","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2839638$73F42A82-1335-48DA-BD03-9B0A5D2F1BFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"76602a759b3fffc4d5917434b46e86c53b2cf1d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2878218,"id":"Q2878218"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65e44287b1e5976f07c079fb69bc5aa8e098c6ad","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8176774382591248","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2839638$BA9FF5B3-424B-47B8-810E-A9EFA721B864","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"08b922ca7cbb18374f56218415be320d8c5fa717","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3110088,"id":"Q3110088"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1e2316eaa3c898d2f25f7d884483fda9111f23a3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8036661148071289","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2839638$C82CE4C8-AA8E-4288-8AC7-984E2FD06FC7","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On closed modular colorings of regular graphs","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_closed_modular_colorings_of_regular_graphs"}}}}}