{"entities":{"Q2842989":{"pageid":2853709,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2842989","lastrevid":58031766,"modified":"2026-04-03T12:57:17Z","type":"item","id":"Q2842989","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"An estimate for the rank of the intersection of subgroups in free amalgamated products of two groups with normal finite amalgamated subgroup."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6197062"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$9E2BBFF4-1AF8-4595-9773-48017700A9FF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a76916d9189aa55bb9dff95b3c129413d18574a8","datavalue":{"value":"1285.20027","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$8FF586D4-A5A0-428F-B8BB-001C1F51DC50","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"65757813d51547e2d7edf5ed37886a91523943c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2710721,"id":"Q2710721"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$B6331911-99FA-48F2-94E8-49443E8C3308","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"381d46b885a4d4a1524f419ca9a0dc18cd8f863b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-08-09T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$EBFE3218-6CF8-42C4-81E9-511026B70C3A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"969175689aaa0272c201c335df9d9c3e39626fac","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2471","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$B297F014-D743-4ACD-85D4-96FA9F4C5175","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"fcae15942a1ef1170b65682251799a9bfed1dcd3","datavalue":{"value":"20E06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$47052CEF-B7EF-4FC4-BC77-105212641FA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"85721e41fd9cd62748521a1a3e2d4a9ff2acb1e3","datavalue":{"value":"20F06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$28A26E47-2D7F-470B-AB4C-2DFBF89E20E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5608e4dbe85e8f6c220cc8afcea2a4ada066e3fa","datavalue":{"value":"20F05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$69F7183D-06EA-4198-8F65-CA76AA550F11","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ea37469d91f3037e8b6809fc66f770f1b27a461d","datavalue":{"value":"20E07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$CA092E03-F20B-45FB-9B38-50A902F50852","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"12c7fffa7c1b150ae279791d85a1e21ae737fb81","datavalue":{"value":"6197062","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$3DE0F68B-0598-41DE-82AA-CE0BBA870533","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"91a8dde5685d14e26bbda497595d18f6616c6a5f","datavalue":{"value":"amalgamated free products","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$A8D05291-4D31-4D3A-8754-CE34AAF732AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a88df8f4a4d834625e62d6abe072bf60d5091dc4","datavalue":{"value":"Hanna Neumann inequality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$3A4352E5-D8E2-40A6-B8C2-C965758D9363","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d2f30874fa8d0c5502d565cdafff0bb41fdaddfc","datavalue":{"value":"reduced ranks","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$D4AFCA3B-2D75-4D65-A5BF-9FA8760EC507","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"efe7be65a4143aa54f8b440f29daf358069e2074","datavalue":{"value":"intersections of finitely generated subgroups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$D6EAD025-5F42-43F1-892F-DDA7DFF9D4C4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$77DCAC39-7FD1-4C14-A782-94D9063E720A","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e13e8f1b5f1454f6b865214a30d9dcbfeb64f10b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5828014,"id":"Q5828014"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$87C696D6-54A4-4009-B20D-56D089D0A037","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"739057c17b0a4e61a99825b3c5f17c9f209f5b40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3231202,"id":"Q3231202"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$1594B253-F29B-4C1B-98C8-CE95F6983825","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d5e67b5adfd3919e556919a7f5f60d795fd49729","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2483175,"id":"Q2483175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$944EE779-EC40-4BF6-8DA5-F05B70D900B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c0b891a1d6dc907e00347cae76ca5aae7249520e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3506443,"id":"Q3506443"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$1330A25D-88A8-4AA0-B428-94EC05BF39B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8f9623222eaf8e21a29262c2394327460526b6e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4513313,"id":"Q4513313"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$45493D6F-79D6-4324-AFBA-0C32F46432CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"370e262c96780c5840e9c26c5366bb28d298913f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1839899,"id":"Q1839899"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$C8F8EEA3-6FAE-4A32-A86A-C90C9A811F52","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5162d573f36a6b89ec2cb27067138fe6286d5d7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5628344,"id":"Q5628344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$AEB280AD-2B2C-4E7F-BF98-9E00E8451497","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2b48e1abbafab4bebb9124a16c2cc89e96e516df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4786280,"id":"Q4786280"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$D37B7E07-6690-44CB-ABEA-7E18A517DC44","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"51ecc942f819a6da27eb462b0c746856b67a8ef6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3406630,"id":"Q3406630"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$640FEB27-42B2-47C9-A9B3-75D116FD9A65","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"39fcdc18d1591a43a0968c17a02ff6d54c96e09d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4172073,"id":"Q4172073"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$61FABADA-B688-480E-A937-149A2ADE88E1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d114326f72706f13e057f9df4bd596474ce91604","datavalue":{"value":"W1977672874","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$A5FAE886-3A5F-4962-958A-561A0AF84AD4","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"34090927f6de095b1a55cfa1dacfb990b022f849","datavalue":{"value":"10.1070/SM2013V204N02ABEH004298","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$06D557F3-D50F-4B72-897F-60AC1EE2ACED","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5a5f40459487bdd2f3025601601144638a7d9da8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":406345,"id":"Q406345"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"929215eee76700c48023df635ad8255ac27a1692","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8851568","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$2A3E2E19-3A85-4CB5-9A19-2BAA15DE2755","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"779b38ef200c1379e33045ae4bd486cf4784ca6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1911542,"id":"Q1911542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"26e032c0998b5a3a1cab92b75f839a66d8a88b36","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85344005","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$7A1B394C-1202-450F-B6FA-12A309499FAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f4be324610069f12ee78eae3d0a294819f66a27","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1207419,"id":"Q1207419"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"84870838d1c58dd3529b2d2d6df8963f06122629","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83690417","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$83E0DA79-B637-4D4F-99EB-D1CB2C7AD325","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"df9f62c25bd0875dbb084010724c66611e9105a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1319582,"id":"Q1319582"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"45409d1b253ff3b56f567d97580d49218145309e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8332138","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$1F24EB41-129C-4DF0-ACFD-FEFDA6072342","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"546321614c6ab4061ac585358f65ab1c8263d9d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2711627,"id":"Q2711627"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b2e432de6968bfc49c15dd2f58e0a55490c473a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8126086","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$4FBAE325-1ABC-4805-B4B0-34AE62BAC884","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"363e7f4d196796057685093f2c12578155a38ff2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":481128,"id":"Q481128"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d26e6302451240e69c3fc1a58b5146af1ad0d1d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8069162","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$5F5B25C1-61E5-41FC-95B4-CB9F3C6CA064","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4c7c8152f791de42ef603690f9766fcbe87ea8e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5497099,"id":"Q5497099"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"80dcebf8bd17bc412d1234e6835a0d7ac45da3b8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.80132055","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$71865069-7DDB-457A-B4DB-1F03B8BDC2DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0b6ebc4389403a4e4c386a0be331b7ab93b27345","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4513313,"id":"Q4513313"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"baf1faeda1b5257085d997362e24ec017ea33cf4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8001089","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$1AB4F5D8-C565-4FF2-836F-59E1FBEEA135","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e384fed0e6150b73297bdf1e78e0bb5ca4b9d4d7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5222143,"id":"Q5222143"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"90c0e00417f2e2735540e0e78291748725b3c53c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7838565","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$252E25BE-065E-4658-B696-0D9CF85AA180","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"040a6cbfb233a04c34143d1cddfae6eb80522073","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3506443,"id":"Q3506443"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"933995815fceea7db756c0b229d8c92d465a565b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75959504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2842989$EAE18C6F-BE2E-46BC-9BBE-8A4E9489C9C3","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6a01717329c579fb96b8194a43e347e017942e6c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"An estimate for the rank of the intersection of subgroups in free amalgamated products of two groups with normal finite amalgamated subgroup.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$ED0FBF8C-5E9E-4948-A48F-95F7834C4890","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ddb4837313bd0d32c2118a7ea7b66bf504d9915b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6369985,"id":"Q6369985"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$7954F074-CB86-49D0-9575-26916C09B71D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7bb4487f8e02cf31212d4df064029371db4ecdde","datavalue":{"value":"The Hanna Neumann inequality \\(\\overline r(H_1\\cap H_2)\\leq 2\\overline r(H_1)\\overline r(H_2)\\) bounds the reduced rank of the intersection of two finitely generated subgroups \\(H_1,H_2\\) of a free group \\(G\\). (The reduced rank \\(\\overline r(H)=\\max(0,r(H)-1)\\) where \\(r(H)\\) is the rank of \\(H\\).) \\textit{W. Dicks} and \\textit{S. V. Ivanov} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 144, No. 3, 511-534 (2008; Zbl 1154.20025)] generalized it to the case when \\(G\\) is a free product of groups.NEWLINENEWLINE This article generalizes the latter result to the case when \\(G=G_1*_TG_2\\) is an amalgamated free product with finite, normal, amalgamated subgroup \\(T\\) and \\(H_1,H_2\\) are factor-free subgroups (that is, they intersect trivially with the conjugates to the factors \\(G_1,G_2\\)). Two upper bounds are given. The weaker bound of \\(6|T|\\overline r(H_1)\\overline r(H_2)\\) is easier to state, but the stronger bound is sharp.NEWLINENEWLINE The bounds are obtained quickly with an argument that makes use of Ivanov and Dicks' bounds for free products (those bounds correspond directly to the case \\(T=1\\)). The remainder of the paper proves that the stronger bound is sharp, using a graph-theoretic approach due to Ivanov.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$950C4656-F530-4EAF-80CC-937BB7717D89","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f2ffab9587a4e6876d3bbdb56c67d1ab8a89cefb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1861490,"id":"Q1861490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2842989$31279F1F-AB0B-458E-A769-4B6FBF84DAC5","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2842989","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2842989"}}}}}