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and lower frequently universal series","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2845576$32A5DF5F-C9F5-4D49-A4E7-2F4F6D89DB64","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"568f7f4b0b834e603496be24849df5d0e4377253","datavalue":{"value":"The author introduces the notion of upper and lower frequently universal sequences and shows that ``most'' of the universal approximations are obtained by sets of indices which have upper density 1 and lower density 0. More precisely, given a fixed sequence \\((x_j) \\subseteq \\mathbb{X}\\) (metrizable topological vector space over \\(\\mathbb{K}=\\mathbb{C}\\) or \\(\\mathbb{R}\\)), a sequence \\(a = (\\alpha_j)\\) is said to be restricted universal in \\(\\mathbb{A}\\) (vector subspace of \\(\\mathbb{K}^\\mathbb{N}\\)) with respect to \\(\\mu \\subseteq \\mathbb{N}\\) iff, for all \\(x \\in \\mathbb{X}\\), there exists \\(\\lambda = (\\lambda_n) \\subseteq \\mu\\) such that NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\text{(i)} \\:\\sum_{j=0}^{\\lambda_n} \\alpha_j x_j \\to x\\text{ for }n \\to \\infty \\qquad\\text{and}\\qquad \\text{(ii)} \\: \\sum_{j=0}^{\\lambda_n} \\alpha_j e_j \\to a\\text{ for } n \\to \\infty. NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE The sequence \\(a\\) is called upper frequently restricted universal if additionally the upper density of \\(\\lambda\\) with respect to \\(\\mu\\) is 1.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE First result: If the set \\({\\mathcal U}_{\\mathbb{A}}\\) of all the restricted universal sequences \\(a\\) with respect to \\(\\mathbb{N}\\) is non-empty, then the set \\(\\widetilde{{\\mathcal U}^\\mu_{\\mathbb{A}}}\\) of all upper frequently restricted universal sequences is a \\(G_\\delta\\)-dense subset of \\(\\mathbb{A}\\) and contains, except 0, a dense subspace of \\(\\mathbb{A}\\).NEWLINENEWLINE The universality is called unrestricted and the set of universal elements is in this case simply denoted by \\({\\mathcal U}\\) if condition (ii) is not demanded. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE Second result: NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\begin{multlined} \\Bigg\\{ a = (\\alpha_j) \\in {\\mathcal U}\\; \\Bigg|\\; \\forall x \\in \\mathbb{X} \\;\\; \\exists \\lambda = (\\lambda_n) \\subseteq \\mathbb{N} \\text{ with positive lower density}\\\\ \\text{such that } \\sum_{j=0}^{\\lambda_n} \\alpha_j x_j \\to x\\text{ for } n \\to \\infty \\Bigg\\} = \\emptyset.\\end{multlined}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINENEWLINEFinally the author calls a sequence \\(a = (\\alpha_j) \\in {\\mathcal U}\\) to be lower frequently universal iff, for all \\(x \\in \\mathbb{X}\\) and all \\(\\varepsilon > 0\\), the lower density of the set NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\Bigg\\{n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\; \\Bigg|\\; \\varrho\\Big( \\sum_{j=0}^n \\alpha_j x_j , x\\Big) < \\varepsilon \\Bigg\\}\\Bigg.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEis positive. 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