{"entities":{"Q2848025":{"pageid":2858745,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2848025","lastrevid":42265573,"modified":"2025-06-03T21:55:38Z","type":"item","id":"Q2848025","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"2- and 3-variations and finite type invariants of degree 2 and 3"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6211387"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$F52ED14D-F6D9-4CD6-AD3E-3148235FDBE9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b2508e7016ef838ac22684789975c56c3652d641","datavalue":{"value":"1280.57009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$02399E55-5E2C-45BE-ADBB-C6F8E3989E94","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"50547a7c9bef6b05461845e8de53de1159546b48","datavalue":{"value":"10.1142/S0218216513500429","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$DA3644C3-CA9E-4E3F-8597-2E0E639F460E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"83086494760ebb22d45bfda031da4eedd6af5d46","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":821590,"id":"Q821590"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$9B622365-EF83-4825-B421-3AF694CDDEFD","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"68e9606d4f4e53be9a37b58bd23167a8b2b94aea","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-09-25T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$1280683E-AEF6-4781-BBF0-06B30BE68D69","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4f912cc4f5542455896ae293f2d98d28b2477a66","datavalue":{"value":"57M25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$2CB94E50-18D3-423E-88B5-6724864BEDB7","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"551bc9059ecb31060e317dd61ab6f4e0f658cfcb","datavalue":{"value":"6211387","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$A593350B-8481-4F9F-AC9E-F37EC89DBC82","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"818a60bb8dcbd34c4b1247e976644a5522402ce4","datavalue":{"value":"Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type invariants","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$0DDF1EA0-D0D7-46C9-9F34-7B242A7248CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b7c32f141e3aaeaf9181546759cf1908b8985e12","datavalue":{"value":"forbidden moves, n-variations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$B004C460-A285-4BD9-920D-21784E2654CE","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$40BA11FD-FE95-4F90-A104-B2A0CC3F7D56","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"291afcf86c16c95de4af60154e9fe5bfdc1819fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1571001,"id":"Q1571001"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$FEF985BB-9BDC-4E30-A7F6-F5D5A8E1B800","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a1ce4934bee8b31ae51fa321296efa05b682b0cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3560268,"id":"Q3560268"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$0C56AC54-6696-4846-8614-FFE277BD3785","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c56b8f251e8a885c3811c4fab3846cffb2d0fd87","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1817592,"id":"Q1817592"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$47A4AEC1-66B8-49FD-8D4A-085C9C202CC7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"629148f57d10dd7f54dbf52d3a8ab732afbb6f1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4268002,"id":"Q4268002"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$8D63183E-CB7B-464E-9C9C-3D562B790AC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b27b99e0b8eae411872ac5a13c4ea2a4c7b84bd6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4922103,"id":"Q4922103"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$C399C32F-5074-40EE-BE20-00C734077199","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e029e1a19377dd8064e99ea8e6140dbb4f27419","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4955772,"id":"Q4955772"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$CC1826C5-3982-42A6-9A37-77F9F461E862","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f4302fe76d8b865c152fccbb1771dbf06657bcb1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2563771,"id":"Q2563771"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0dc622837d0d08338d2c02d9f4585b8da6133d74","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.877178","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$28A1F452-2D5D-41EB-8232-6504F309B17D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5d5cc76e73d0bb8f0826f550b2311287ae353ec0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4541094,"id":"Q4541094"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"037de9ca8bf845b76fe5fedafa1a8f1299782b7a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8692703","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$DFCBAE19-F810-42EE-925D-FF9F906BC9C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d4df04dfc0fbb9fe317b39223d5b5899aa571e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1329057,"id":"Q1329057"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a8441078400cee2086aaafcfe01246498ff1ecfe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86863434","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$06372BB0-5E8D-475C-A2CF-5EC10D9488F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a423f8925f01ae9beb1f23f7f5783dc1e4a12468","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1977012,"id":"Q1977012"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8b050ac73ed3f9acaee1130e6115dc10898ede98","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8576576","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$5F213DEA-85D2-4B00-B091-7B7A1A1F6DBB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e2fafd66787f290c3dad8006d0dc6aad1625b806","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5564042,"id":"Q5564042"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fcd221260933b807b5447c0fffaebe5bd9ece55c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8545082","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$38248917-2527-4CB4-93B7-8CA96B4C3A96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9928a6c94defe38b0457a4b0e4eca4ca2f23e084","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5396030,"id":"Q5396030"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"72d49b065836abc5320e8a697b07669cee885504","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85028887","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$6658B563-492F-4534-AC7A-3FC3B9F422DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"25aeb2b93429c4d6f1276ee3c3b2dfb65b6dfc98","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4388259,"id":"Q4388259"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9851ac8aec9488f6695ada7938ba3b9764128b54","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8499614","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$7C6BF798-5470-470C-BDFD-303584F2B222","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f2fa1b54d4214b4c89dc92f30574cc149dafe146","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3372009,"id":"Q3372009"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9dcac3dd7f314f177d3300774a0b2ae9d4442288","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.84951866","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$CF4EF101-3B23-4BBF-8835-1F78BE2C33D8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"05ef2ed3d973170a86c09e42360350b82a201acd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2947351,"id":"Q2947351"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be3614f1fb24ccee768a17d28bfaeb0f8893f4cd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.84892666","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$03E427C2-41DB-4F8F-A026-C08453123892","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"906bebdbe879b30d312139029fb40b29f514fae0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4799194,"id":"Q4799194"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"19e033a784bde6a6b71283cd4496cfd8597fad5a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8487632","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2848025$DF0AA678-9A53-40F5-A7B1-236864BEAE77","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"38be98f3e62e794d5c402db293655ad4ac5ce3d3","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"2- and 3-variations and finite type invariants of degree 2 and 3","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$267D008E-B77C-4AF8-B484-5A05D44D4399","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8034059014b83e31bd93de4ff8ddf9b122315a33","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6486816,"id":"Q6486816"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$9A7414AE-BAE0-4F2A-9ED2-B321F79E0BFC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e0911163f3a5900f96797993a84c2a83305daddc","datavalue":{"value":"The Goussarov theorem states that every finite-type invariant of order \\(\\leq n\\) of knots in \\(S^3\\) can be represented as a combinatorial formula. A combinatorial formula is a linear combination of arrow diagrams (all having \\(\\leq n\\) arrows) which tells which subdiagrams of a knot diagram to count and with what weight. Thus, if a combinatorial formula is known, the value of the invariant can be computed in polynomial time. There are finite-type invariants of virtual knots which also have combinatorial formulas (called Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type invariants), but they do not exhaust all the finite-type invariants. For example, Henrich's universal order one invariant does not fall under this framework.NEWLINENEWLINEIt is well-known that every classical knot can be transformed to the unknot be a finite sequence of crossing changes. For virtual knots, this is not the case. The existence of non-trivial flat virtual knots demonstrates that such exotic things are common in the theory of virtual knots. On the other hand, every virtual knot can be transformed to a diagram equivalent to the unknot by a sequence of \\textit{forbidden moves}. More generally, one can take any family \\(M\\) of moves and ask whether two virtual knots \\(K\\) and \\(K'\\) can be transformed into one another by a finite sequence of moves from \\(M\\). The length of the shortest sequence of moves from \\(M\\) taking some diagram of \\(K\\) to some diagram of \\(K'\\) is defined in the present paper to be the \\textit{distance between \\(K\\) and \\(K'\\) by} \\(M\\), denoted \\(d_M(K,K')\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe reviewed paper establishes lower bounds on \\(d_M(K,K')\\) for two sets \\(M\\) of moves: forbidden moves for long virtual knots, and 3-variations for virtual knots. For forbidden moves, the lower bound is in terms of the Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type invariants of order 2 for long virtual knots. Two lower bounds are given for 3-variations. One is established using the Goussarov-Polyak-Viro order 3 invariant of virtual knots. The other is established using Henrich's order 1 finite-type invariant of virtual knots. It is shown by means of examples that each of the lower bounds is achieved on an infinite class of long virtual knots or virtual knots.NEWLINENEWLINESince finite-type invariants are so easy to compute, this result is particularly useful.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$F7196607-B9E1-4A98-822B-53FAFB589EBC","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"68003e8c25790243d542371870cdb369947f6537","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":289735,"id":"Q289735"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2848025$98B25265-E60E-4102-8080-7B15B1159A55","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2848025","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2848025"}}}}}