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The basic ideas of the variational theory as Rayleigh's variational principle, the Ritz method to atomic and molecular systems and a lot of applications are included as well.NEWLINENEWLINEThe perturbation method first introduced by Schr\u00f6dinger known as the RS perturbation theory is considered with particular explanations. The idea for stationary states up to third order with a short outline of higher orders is discussed. The modification of this theory known as Lennard-Jones-Brillouin-Wigner method is valid also for large perturbations. It is considered the perturbation theory without partitioning of the Hamiltonian known as the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT).NEWLINENEWLINEFurthermore, the author considers some basic topics of the differential equations; mainly the Schr\u00f6dinger equation, its solvability, and its application in the theory of hydrogen atom in electric field. The model of hydrogen molecular ion \\(H_2^{+}\\) and the Stark effect in atomic hydrogen are discussed as well. Special functions and their applications are considered as well as the Fourier and Laplace transforms applied for solving differential equations. The Pad\u00e9 approximations is also discussed.NEWLINENEWLINEThe eigenvalue problem applied in H\u00fcckel's theory of the \\(\\pi \\) electrons of Benzene is shown. The reader may learn further something for the molecular symmetry and applications in the ground state electron configuration of polyatomic molecules.NEWLINENEWLINEThe group theory is given with some applications in Quantum Physics. The theory of many-electron spin, Kotani' synthetic method, and the L\u00f6wdin spin projection operators are considered as well.NEWLINENEWLINEHaving in mind all mathematical tools introduced in the first ten chapters, the reader continues with fundamental postulates of Quantum Mechanics, for instance, the correspondence between observables and operators, time evolution of state function, wave-particle dualism and Schr\u00f6dinger's wave equation. The Born interpretation, measure of observables and orbital model are considered as well.NEWLINENEWLINEThe next Chapter 12 is devoted to atomic orbitals. In Chapter 13 the reader finds some applications of the Variational Calculus for minimizing energy in a quantum system. The next chapters are devoted to the quantum Hamiltonian, many-electron wavefunctions, Hartree-Fock theory for closed shells, valence bond theory and chemical bond, atomic and molecular interactions, and evaluation of molecular integrals.NEWLINENEWLINEChapter 19 is devoted to the relativistic molecular Quantum Mechanics, the Klein-Gordon equation, Dirac's relativistic equation for the electron and theory of spinors. 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