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sheaves and characters of unipotent groups over finite fields.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2851614$434710B9-DF1A-4CAE-9328-032213A5A871","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"273b4f2fa5e8a9dedb3dcfc07d46949e149eb3d7","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(k\\) be a perfect field of characteristic \\(p>0\\). If \\(X\\) is a perfect variety, let \\(\\mathcal D(X)=D_c^b(X,\\overline{\\mathbb Q}_\\ell)\\) denote the bounded derived category of constructible complexes of \\(\\overline{\\mathbb Q}_\\ell\\)-sheaves on \\(X\\). If \\(G\\) is a perfect unipotent group over \\(k\\) acting on \\(X\\), let \\(\\mathcal D_G(X)\\) be the \\(G\\)-equivariant derived category defined by the author in his previous works. In particular, one may consider the derived category \\(\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) for the conjugation action of \\(G\\) on itself.NEWLINENEWLINE The categories \\(\\mathcal D(G)\\) and \\(\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) are monoidal with respect to the bifunctor of convolution with compact supports: NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE(M,N)\\mapsto M*N:=\\mu_!((p_1^* M)\\otimes (p_2^*N)),NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(\\mu\\colon G\\times G\\to G\\) is the multiplication morphism and \\(p_1,p_2\\colon G\\times G\\to G\\) are the first and second projections. The unit object in each of these categories is the delta-sheaf at the identity element of \\(G\\), which will be denoted by \\(\\mathbf 1\\).NEWLINENEWLINE An object \\(e\\) of \\(\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) is called a \\textit{closed idempotent} if there exists an arrow \\(\\mathbf 1\\to e\\) that becomes an isomorphism after convolution with \\(e\\). It is further said to be a \\textit{minimal} closed idempotent if \\(e\\neq 0\\) and for every closed idempotent \\(e'\\in\\mathcal D_G(G)\\), we have either \\(e*e'\\simeq e\\), or \\(e* e'=0\\).NEWLINENEWLINE Assume from now on that \\(k\\) is algebraically closed. Let \\(G\\) be a perfect unipotent group over \\(k\\), and let \\(e\\) be a closed idempotent. The author defines the \\textit{Hecke subcategory} defined by \\(e\\) to be the full subcategory \\(e\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) of \\(\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) consisting of objects \\(M\\) such that \\(e*M\\simeq M\\). In a previous article joint with Drinfeld the author proved that the category \\(e\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) is closed under \\(*\\) and is a monoidal category with unit object \\(e\\).NEWLINENEWLINE If \\(e\\) is minimal, let \\(\\mathcal M_e^{\\text{perv}}\\) denote the full subcategory of \\(e\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) consisting of those objects for which the underlying \\(\\ell\\)-adic complex is a perverse sheaf on \\(G\\). The category \\(\\mathcal M_e^{\\text{perv}}\\) is a semisimple Abelian category with finitely many simple objects. Define the \\textit{Lusztig packet of character sheaves} on \\(G\\) (or \\textit{\\(\\mathbb L\\)-packet} for short) to be the set of (isomorphism classes of) indecomposable objects of the category \\(\\mathcal M_e^{\\text{perv}}\\). An object of \\(\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) is called a \\textit{character sheaf} if it lies in the Lusztig packet of characters sheaves defined by some minimal closed idempotent in \\(\\mathcal D_G(G)\\).NEWLINENEWLINE Fix an algebraic closure \\(\\mathbb F\\) of a field \\(\\mathbb F_p\\) with \\(p\\) elements. Let \\(q\\) be a finite power of \\(p\\). If \\(X_0\\) is a perfect variety over \\(\\mathbb F_q\\) and \\(M_0\\in\\mathcal D(X_0)\\), let \\(t_{M_0}\\colon X_0(\\mathbb F_q)\\to\\overline{\\mathbb Q}_\\ell\\) denote the function associated to \\(M_0\\) via the functions-sheaves dictionary.NEWLINENEWLINE Let \\(G_0\\) be a perfect unipotent group over \\(\\mathbb F_q\\), and write \\(G:=G_0\\otimes_{{\\mathbb F_q}}\\mathbb F\\). Given a class \\(\\alpha\\in H^1(\\mathbb F_q,G_0)\\) in Galois cohomology, one can define the corresponding pure inner form \\(G_0^\\alpha\\); it is a perfect group over \\(\\mathbb F_q\\) which becomes isomorphic to \\(G_0\\) over \\(\\mathbb F\\). Moreover, there is a natural monoidal equivalence \\(\\mathcal D_{G_0}(G_0)\\simeq\\mathcal D_{G_0^\\alpha}(G_0^\\alpha)\\), which will be denoted \\(M_0\\mapsto M_0^\\alpha\\) and called the transport of equivariant complexes.NEWLINENEWLINE An object \\(e_0\\) of \\(\\mathcal D_{G_0}(G_0)\\) is called a \\textit{geometrically minimal idempotent} if \\(e_0*e_0\\simeq e_0\\) and the corresponding object \\(e\\) in \\(\\mathcal D_G(G)\\) is a minimal idempotent.NEWLINENEWLINE Given \\(\\alpha\\in H^1(\\mathbb F_q,G_0)\\), we have the corresponding pure inner form \\(G_0^\\alpha\\) and the geometrically minimal idempotent \\(e_0^\\alpha\\in\\mathcal D_{G_0^\\alpha}(G_0^\\alpha)\\) obtained by \\(e_0\\) via transport of equivariant complexes; in particular, the function NEWLINE\\[NEWLINEt_{e_0^\\alpha}\\colon G_0^\\alpha(\\mathbb F_q)\\to\\overline{\\mathbb Q}_\\ellNEWLINE\\]NEWLINE is a central idempotent with respect to convolution.NEWLINENEWLINE The disjoint union, for \\(\\alpha\\in H^1(\\mathbb F_q,G_0)\\), of the sets of (isomorphism classes of) irreducible representations of \\(G_0^\\alpha(\\mathbb F_q)\\) over \\(\\overline{\\mathbb Q}_\\ell\\) on which the idempotent \\( t_{e_0^\\alpha}\\) acts via identity is called the \\textit{\\(\\mathbb L\\)-packet of irreducible representations of \\(G_0\\) defined by \\(e_0\\)}. The set of characters of the representations belonging to an \\(\\mathbb L\\) will be called an \\textit{\\(\\mathbb L\\)-packet of irreducible characters of \\(G_0\\)}.NEWLINENEWLINE The article studies the relationship between irreducible characters of \\(G_0(\\mathbb F_q)\\) and character sheaves on \\(G\\) that are invariant under the Frobenius endomorphism \\(\\text{Fr}_q\\colon G\\to G\\). The relationship is easier to formulate when \\(G_0\\) is connected. In this case the number of \\(\\text{Fr}_q^*\\)-invariant character sheaves \\(M\\) on \\(G\\) equals the number of irreducible characters of \\(G_0({\\mathbb{F}_{q}})\\), and every such \\(M\\) comes from an irreducible perverse sheaf \\(M_0\\) on \\(G_0\\) such that \\(M_0\\) is pure of weight \\(0\\) and the function \\(t_{M_0}\\) takes values in \\(\\mathbb Q^{\\text{ab}}\\), the Abelian closure of \\(\\mathbb Q\\). With this choice of \\(M_0\\), the author proves (see Theorem 1.8) that as \\(M\\) ranges over the set of \\(\\text{Fr}_q^*\\)-invariant character sheaves on \\(G\\), the functions \\(t_{M_0}\\) form a basis of the space of class functions from \\(G_0(\\mathbb F_q)\\) to \\(\\mathbb Q^{\\text{ab}}\\), which are orthonormal with respect to the unnormalized standard inner product \\(\\langle f_1,f_2\\rangle:=\\sum_{g\\in G_0(\\mathbb F_q)}f_1(g)\\overline{f_2(g)}\\). The matrix which relates this basis to the basis formed by the irreducible characters of \\(G_0(\\mathbb F_q)\\) is block-diagonal, with blocks labelled by the \\(\\mathbb L\\)-packets (see Theorem~2.17).NEWLINENEWLINE The results of the paper are formulated and proven for \\(G_0\\) an arbitrary unipotent group over \\(\\mathbb F_q\\). In contrast to the case when \\(G_0\\) is connected, in general there may be more \\(\\text{Fr}_q^*\\)-invariant character sheaves on \\(G\\) than there are irreducible characters of \\(G_0(\\mathbb F_q)\\). It is worth to note that even if ultimately one is only interested in the connected case, studying arbitrary unipotent groups seems to be necessary. 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