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The connected component of \\(K\\) containing the identity element is denoted by \\(K^0\\). The center of the Lie algebra of \\(K\\) is denoted by \\(\\mathfrak{z}(\\mathfrak{l})\\). The adjoint action of \\(K\\) on the center of the Lie algebra of \\(K\\) factors through the quotient group \\(K/K^0\\). Let us consider the action of \\(K/K^0\\) on the dual space \\(\\mathfrak{z}(\\mathfrak{l})^*\\) corresponding to the adjoint action of \\(K/K^0\\) on \\(\\mathfrak{z}(\\mathfrak{l})\\). Let NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE [\\mathfrak{z}(\\mathfrak{l})^*]^{K/K^0} \\subset \\mathfrak{z}(\\mathfrak{l})^* NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE be the space of invariants for this action.NEWLINENEWLINEThen the authors prove the following result using Hurewicz and Galois covering maps:NEWLINENEWLINEThe second real cohomology \\(H^2 (M/K, \\mathbb R)\\) is canonically isomorphic to \\([\\mathfrak{z}(\\mathfrak{l})^*]^{K/K^0}\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThis isomorphism can be interpreted in the language of characters of closed group \\(K\\) as follows.NEWLINENEWLINELet us take any homomorphism \\(\\chi: K\\rightarrow {\\mathbb C}^*\\). The group acts on \\(M \\times \\mathbb C\\) as follows: the action of any \\(g\\in K\\) sends any \\((m,\\lambda)\\in M\\times \\mathbb C\\) to \\((mg, \\chi(g^{-1}) \\lambda)\\). The projection \\((M\\times \\mathbb C)/ K \\rightarrow M/K\\) is a line bundle on \\(M/K\\) which is denoted by \\(L^{\\chi}\\). Now \\(\\chi \\rightarrow c_1(L^{\\chi})\\) produces a vector space homomorphism NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE Char(K)\\otimes_{\\mathbb Z} \\mathbb R \\rightarrow H^2 (M/K,\\mathbb R), NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(Char(K)\\) is the group of characteristics of \\(K\\). Onthe other hand we have NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE Char(K)\\otimes_{\\mathbb Z} \\mathbb R = [\\mathfrak{z}(\\mathfrak{l})^*]^{K/K^0}. NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE So we have this canonical isomorphism.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2855497$50328F0A-1CC3-4332-A3A9-451806752010","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"afd4a6df6251385465ba8da35b522ed93649981d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":262472,"id":"Q262472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2855497$CD01F1BD-32DF-4DBE-B129-BD6095727808","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d202010db5c35602d84b9ae6bec0ba8405028505","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1097553,"id":"Q1097553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"922a824156ac63d391469d38717cd4b48dfa7a42","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7339809536933899","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2855497$83B00921-22E5-4CE6-9F83-0252F3DC51A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"620c79708c3d43c4ee44209b9250a0395ea8b82d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3977903,"id":"Q3977903"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a3449b15e70d7182d4f60107ed13d67f7f1956c1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7313697934150696","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2855497$6F9853B4-9FAC-4829-A932-266792B18DD8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"90001c0d3ad82ae06b01fe952a4fbe950134e045","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1088191,"id":"Q1088191"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a3449b15e70d7182d4f60107ed13d67f7f1956c1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7313697934150696","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2855497$10DD2A67-2E52-4312-AB1D-794AF77B7E46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6228426c87539cf25220a69e1ae72c0fe438cfb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2817536,"id":"Q2817536"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6f353f4fd9d391c618561648f6d46bef51d5f776","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7263398170471191","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2855497$F42598D0-9EA6-403D-A7FF-9D4D1410F641","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3bc827e70e1c6845540011edbff8a4409e39c294","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2639385,"id":"Q2639385"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a5294e2bc561c855dd904d8e068c31febc82ddf1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7251310348510742","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2855497$C2E635CB-74D3-413D-9F66-65D077E2A126","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Second cohomology of compact homogeneous spaces","badges":[]}}}}}