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\\(Q\\) is a smooth manifold, the cotangent bundle \\(T^*Q\\) carries a canonical symplectic structure. When a Lie group \\(G\\) acts smoothly on \\(Q\\), one can lift the action to \\(T^*Q\\); hence \\(G\\) acts on the Poisson algebra \\(C^\\infty(T^*Q)\\). The Poisson algebra of \\(G\\)-invariant smooth functions on \\(T^*Q\\) induces a Poisson structure on the space of \\(G\\)-orbits \\(T^*Q/G\\). This space is not smooth in general. It will be, for example, if the \\(G\\)-action on \\(Q\\) is principal.NEWLINENEWLINEA Lie-Rinehart algebra is a pair \\((A,L)\\), where \\(A\\) is a commutative algebra over a commutative ring \\(R\\) and \\(L\\) is a Lie algebra over \\(R\\). It is furthermore required that \\(L\\) has a left \\(A\\)-module structure and that there exists an \\(A\\)-linear Lie algebra homomorphism \\(L\\to\\mathrm{Der}_R(A)\\), satisfying the Leibnitz rule. A Lie-Rinehart algebra can be seen as an algebraic incarnation of a Lie algebroid.NEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper under review, the Poisson structure on smooth functions on \\(T^*Q/G\\) is described in terms of (extensions of) Lie-Rinehart algebras. The key ingredient, introduced by the authors, is the tautological Poisson structure of a Lie-Rinehart algebra. This is a substantial generalization of the well-known correspondence between a Lie algebroid structure on a vector bundle \\(E\\to M\\) and a Poisson structure on its dual \\(E^*\\to M\\), \\(M\\) being a smooth manifold.NEWLINENEWLINEWhen the \\(G\\)-action is principal there is an explicit description of the Poisson algebra structure of \\(C^{\\infty}(T^*Q/G)\\), see [\\textit{R. Montgomery} et al., Contemp. Math. 28, 101--114 (1984; Zbl 0546.58026)]. 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