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the paper under review, the authors introduce the concepts of the relative annihilator and relative commutant for a non-selfadjoint operator algebra and present a variety of results that can be viewed as analogous to the well-known Double Commutant Theorem of von Neumann.NEWLINENEWLINEGiven a (separable, complex) Hilbert space \\({\\mathcal H}\\), a subspace lattice \\({\\mathcal L}\\) is a collection of orthogonal projections onto subspaces of \\({\\mathcal H}\\) such that \\({\\mathcal L}\\) contains \\(0\\) and the identity projection \\(I\\) and is closed in the strong operator topology. For a given subspace lattice \\({\\mathcal L}\\), we denote by \\(\\text{Alg}{\\mathcal L}\\) the algebra of all bounded linear operators \\(A\\) on \\({\\mathcal H}\\) for which \\(PAP=AP\\) for all \\(P\\in{\\mathcal L}\\). Similarly, for an algebra \\({\\mathcal A}\\) contained in \\({\\mathcal B}({\\mathcal H})\\) (the algebra of all bounded linear operators on \\({\\mathcal H}\\)), \\(\\text{Lat}{\\mathcal A}\\) denotes the subspace lattice containing all projections \\(P\\) for which \\(PAP=AP\\) for all \\(A\\in{\\mathcal A}\\). Of special interest in this paper are algebras \\({\\mathcal A}\\) for which the subspace lattice \\(\\text{Lat}{\\mathcal A}\\) is completely distributive and commutative. These algebras are called CDCSL algebras. The nest algebras form a particularly well-studied class of CDCSLs.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor a subset \\({\\mathcal S}\\) of an algebra \\({\\mathcal A}\\subseteq {\\mathcal B}({\\mathcal H})\\) of operators on \\({\\mathcal H}\\), the annihilator of \\({\\mathcal S}\\) is NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE{\\mathcal S}^\\perp =\\{T\\in {\\mathcal B}({\\mathcal H}):TS=ST=0\\quad \\mathrm{for all } S\\in {\\mathcal S}\\},NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE while the relative annihilator of \\({\\mathcal S}\\) in \\({\\mathcal A}\\) is defined by NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE {\\mathcal S}^\\circ =\\{A\\in {\\mathcal A}:AS=SA=0\\quad\\mathrm {for all } S\\in {\\mathcal S}\\} = {\\mathcal S}^\\perp\\cap {\\mathcal A}.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE Similarly, the relative commutant of \\({\\mathcal S}\\) in \\({\\mathcal A}\\) is defined by NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE{\\mathcal S}^\\dagger = \\{A\\in {\\mathcal A}: AS=SA\\quad\\mathrm {for all } S\\in {\\mathcal S}\\} = {\\mathcal S}^\\prime\\cap {\\mathcal A},NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\({\\mathcal S}^\\prime\\) is the usual commutant of \\({\\mathcal S}\\) in \\({\\mathcal B}({\\mathcal H})\\). In general, \\({\\mathcal S}^\\dagger\\) contains the set \\({\\mathcal S}^\\circ +{\\mathcal Z}\\), where \\({\\mathcal Z}\\) is the center of the algebra \\({\\mathcal A}\\). The main results of this paper are concerned with finding conditions under which \\({\\mathcal S}^\\dagger ={\\mathcal S}^\\circ +\\mathbf{C}I\\), where \\(\\mathbf{C}I\\) denotes the scalar operators.NEWLINENEWLINEFor example, suppose that \\({\\mathcal A}\\) is a unital subalgebra of \\({\\mathcal B}({\\mathcal H})\\) that is equal to the closure, in the weak operator topology (WOT), of its rank-one elements and also has the property (herein called \\textit{hereditarily essential}) that \\({\\mathcal J}_1\\cap {\\mathcal J}_2=\\{0\\}\\) whenever \\({\\mathcal J}_1\\neq{\\mathcal J}_2\\) are distinct WOT-closed ideals in \\({\\mathcal A}\\). Then Theorem 2.5 shows, among other things, that \\({\\mathcal J}^\\dagger = {\\mathcal J}^\\circ +\\mathbf{C}I\\) and \\({\\mathcal J}^{\\dagger\\dagger} = {\\mathcal J}^{\\circ\\circ} +\\mathbf{C}I\\) for every WOT-closed ideal in \\({\\mathcal A}\\). In particular, this applies whenever \\({\\mathcal A}\\) is a nest algebra (Corollary 4.3).NEWLINENEWLINEIn Section 3 of the paper, the authors develop a variation of the characterizations due to \\textit{J. A. Erdos} and \\textit{S. C. Power} [J. Oper. Theory 7, 219--235 (1982; Zbl 0523.47027)] and to \\textit{D.-G. Han} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 104, No.~4, 1067--1070 (1988; Zbl 0694.47031)] of the WOT-closed ideals of a CDCSL algebra. This characterization plays a central r\u00f4le in the proofs. Also, a CDCSL algebra known as the 4-cycle digraph algebra is used on several occasions as a counter-example to illustrate the limitations of some of the theorems.NEWLINENEWLINESection 5 focuses on algebras with a specific presentation. Namely, for two commuting orthogonal projections \\(P\\) and \\(Q\\), let \\({\\mathcal S}_{P,Q}=\\{T\\in{\\mathcal B}({\\mathcal H}):T=QT(I-P)\\}\\). More generally, suppose that \\(\\{P_\\alpha,Q_\\alpha:\\alpha\\in\\Gamma\\}\\) is a set of commuting orthogonal projections and consider the algebra \\({\\mathcal S}=\\vee\\{{\\mathcal S}_{P_\\alpha,Q_\\alpha}:\\alpha\\in\\Gamma\\}\\). Setting \\(P_0=\\wedge P_\\alpha\\) and \\(Q_0=\\vee Q_\\alpha\\) as well as supposing that \\({\\mathcal S}_{P_\\alpha,Q_\\alpha}\\neq 0\\) for each \\(\\alpha\\in\\Gamma\\), Proposition 5.4 shows that \\({\\mathcal S}^\\perp = {\\mathcal S}_{Q_0,P_0}\\). With the additional technical requirement that the algebra \\({\\mathcal S}\\) is \\textit{connected} (basically meaning that the family \\(\\{{\\mathcal S}_{P_\\alpha,Q_\\alpha}\\}\\) cannot be split into two separate subfamilies living on mutually orthogonal subspaces of \\({\\mathcal H}\\)), Theorem 5.9 and Corollary 5.10 show that \\({\\mathcal S}^\\prime={\\mathcal S}^\\perp+\\mathbf{C}I\\) and \\({\\mathcal S}^{\\prime\\prime}={\\mathcal S}^{\\perp\\perp}+\\mathbf{C}I\\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn Section 6, the approach of Section 5 is applied in the case where \\({\\mathcal N}\\) is a nest on \\({\\mathcal H}\\) and the projections \\(\\{P_\\alpha,Q_\\alpha\\}\\) lie in \\({\\mathcal N}^{\\prime\\prime}\\). In this setting, if \\({\\mathcal S}=\\vee\\{{\\mathcal S}_{P_\\alpha,Q_\\alpha}\\}\\subseteq {\\mathcal T}({\\mathcal N})\\) is connected and \\({\\mathcal S}_{Q_0,P_0}\\neq 0\\), Theorem 6.4 asserts that \\({\\mathcal S}^\\dagger={\\mathcal S}^\\circ+\\mathbf{C}I\\) and \\({\\mathcal S}^{\\dagger\\dagger}=({\\mathcal S}_{P_0,Q_0}\\cap{\\mathcal T}({\\mathcal 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