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It explains, in particular, the first author's approach [Appl. Math. Sci., Ruse 1, No. 53--56, 2609--2629 (2007; Zbl 1135.68570); Fundam. Inform. 75, No. 1--4, 407--433 (2007; Zbl 1108.68119)] to describe resemblance of objects in areas such as image analysis, image processing and pattern recognition.NEWLINENEWLINEAfter a brief history of concepts of nearness, from those given by Poincar\u00e9 and Riesz around 1900 to current ones, the authors give a more conceptual account of nearness of sets leading straightforwardly to the notions of metric proximity (\u010cech) and proximity spaces in general. Near sets are then defined within proximity spaces. 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