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surfaces","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2902059$F8F1BB08-305F-497F-9E1C-B9F5D09178F5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5ce4d62f461ba5c9e5217a17b83d885a97d697e1","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(S\\) be any complex projective smooth surface with canonical bundle \\(K\\), and let \\(r\\) be any nonnegative integer. For every line bundle \\(L\\) on \\(S\\), denote by \\(t_r(S,L)\\) the number of \\(r\\)-nodal curves in a generic \\(r\\)-dimensional sublinear system of \\(|L|\\). (Here an \\(r\\)-nodal curve is a nodal curve with exactly \\(r\\) nodes.) In [Commun. Math. Phys. 196, No. 3, 523--533 (1998; Zbl 0934.14038)], \\textit{L. G\u00f6ttsche} conjectured that the number \\(t_r(S,L)\\) is a universal polynomial of degree \\(r\\) in the numbers \\(L^2\\), \\(LK\\), \\(c_1(S)^2\\), and \\(c_2(S)\\) if \\(L\\) is sufficiently ample with respect to \\(r\\). Note that the polynomial is universal in the sense that its coefficients are independent of \\(S\\) and \\(L\\).NEWLINENEWLINESuppose \\(S^{[3r]}\\) is the Hilbert scheme of \\(3r\\) points on \\(S\\), and \\(S^r_{2,0}\\) is the locally closed subset of \\(S^{[3r]}\\) which parametrizes subschemes of the form \\(\\coprod_{i=1}^r \\mathrm{Spec} (\\mathcal{O}_{S, x_i}/m^2_{S, x_i})\\), where \\(x_1, \\ldots, x_r\\) are distinct closed points on \\(S\\). Let \\(S^r_2 \\subset S^{[3r]}\\) be the closure (with the reduced induced structure) of \\(S^r_{2,0}\\), and let \\(L^{[3r]}\\) be the rank \\(3r\\) tautological bundle on \\(S^{[3r]}\\) associated to \\(L\\), which is constructed from the universal subscheme of \\(S \\times S^{[3r]}\\) and the obvious projections. \\textit{L. G\u00f6ttsche} introduced the intersection number NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE d_r(S,L):=\\int_{S^r_2} c_{2r}(L^{[3r]}) NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE and showed that it coincides with the number \\(t_r(S,L)\\) if \\(L\\) is \\((5r-1)\\)-very ample (\\(5\\)-very ample if \\(r=1\\)), i.e., if the natural map \\(H^0(S,L) \\to H^0(\\xi, L\\otimes \\mathcal{O}_\\xi)\\) is surjective for all zero-dimensional subschemes \\(\\xi \\subset S\\) of length \\(5r\\) (\\(6\\) if \\(r=1\\)).NEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper under review, the author studies the generating function \\(\\phi(S,L):=\\sum_{r=0}^\\infty d_r(S,L) \\, x^r\\) for every line bundle \\(L\\) on \\(S\\). Using algebraic cobordism theory and deriving a degeneration formula for \\(d_r(S,L)\\), she proves that \\(\\phi\\) gives a homomorphism from the algebraic cobordism group \\(\\omega_{2,1}\\), which is a four-dimensional vector space over \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\) spanned by all pairs of surfaces and line bundles modulo extended double point relations, to the group \\(\\mathbb{Q}[[x]]^{\\times}\\) of units of \\(\\mathbb{Q}[[x]]\\). (More details are provided in her paper [J. Differ. Geom. 90, No. 3, 439--472 (2012; Zbl 1253.14054)]). As a consequence, \\(\\phi(S,L)\\) can be expressed as the product NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE A_1^{L^2}A_2^{LK}A_3^{c_1(S)^2}A_4^{c_2(S)} NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE for some power series \\(A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4 \\in \\mathbb{Q}[[x]]^{\\times}\\) whose coefficients are independent of \\(S\\) and \\(L\\). (So far, there are no closed-form expressions for the coefficients of \\(A_i\\)'s, even though these coefficients are determined by the recursive formulas for \\(\\mathbb{P}^2\\) and \\(\\mathbb{P}^1 \\times \\mathbb{P}^1\\) due to \\textit{L. Caporaso} and \\textit{J. Harris} [Invent. Math. 131, No. 2, 345--392 (1998; Zbl 0934.14040)] and \\textit{R. Vakil} [Manuscr. Math. 102, No. 1, 53--84 (2000; Zbl 0967.14036)] respectively.)NEWLINENEWLINEBy extracting the coefficient of \\(x^r\\) in \\(A_1^{L^2}A_2^{LK}A_3^{c_1(S)^2}A_4^{c_2(S)}\\), the author deduces that \\(d_r(S,L)\\) is a universal polynomial \\(T_r(L^2, LK, c_1(S)^2, c_2(S))\\) of degree \\(r\\) in \\(L^2\\), \\(LK\\), \\(c_1(S)^2\\), and \\(c_2(S)\\). This proves G\u00f6ttsche's conjecture if \\(L\\) is \\((5r-1)\\)-very ample (\\(5\\)-very ample for \\(r=1\\)). Note that \\textit{A.-K. Liu} proved the conjecture several years ago using symplectic approach (see [J. Differ. Geom. 56, No. 3, 381--579 (2000; Zbl 1036.14014); ``The algebraic proof of the Universality Theorem'', \\url{arXiv:math/0402045}]). It is also worth mentioning that a different algebro-geometric proof of the conjecture was obtained by \\textit{M. Kool, V. Shende}, and \\textit{R. Thomas} under the weaker condition that \\(L\\) is \\(r\\)-very ample [Geom. Topol. 15, No. 1, 397--406 (2011; Zbl 1210.14011)].NEWLINENEWLINELet \\(G_2=-\\frac{1}{24}+\\sum_{n=1}^\\infty (\\sum_{d | n} d) \\, q^n\\) (the second Eisenstein series), \\(\\Delta=q\\prod_{k =1}^\\infty (1-q^k)^{24}\\), and \\({D= q \\frac{d}{d q}}\\). The author also shows that there exist power series \\(B_1\\) and \\(B_2\\) in \\(q\\) whose coefficients are independent of \\(S\\) and \\(L\\) such that NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE \\sum_{r=0}^\\infty T_r(L^2, LK, c_1(S)^2, c_2(S))(DG_2)^r=\\frac{(DG_2/q)^{\\chi(L)}B_1^{K^2}B_2^{LK}}{(\\Delta D^2G_2/q^2)^{\\chi(\\mathcal{O}_S)/2}}, NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE which is referred to as the G\u00f6ttsche--Yau--Zaslow formula. In fact, the formula follows from the aforementioned results and the corresponding formula for generic \\(K3\\) surfaces due to \\textit{J. Bryan} and \\textit{N. C. Leung} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 13, No. 2, 371--410 (2000; Zbl 0963.14031)].NEWLINENEWLINEFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1245.00031].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2902059$E5D19ACD-8FAE-401C-A8A0-67FA22CDE898","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c482a966da99c4a9b912fc646eb73c56ee298f77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":422826,"id":"Q422826"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2902059$7906DFEE-D602-4B17-920B-A5A36CFB81E6","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6b6f7cd4356a4fbda274d717c0aabbef51248d40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":433890,"id":"Q433890"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dd98febefd3d2c03a66e66fb4e1f8c43b7e30a06","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8882493376731873","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2902059$C6E50494-BF48-4F9E-880B-59819BB5D304","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6cc49d47e7d1491c181a28c7393e1beb6af9ca3e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1609805,"id":"Q1609805"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a6db8dfe15a9c36a27a774116f8169f8c2c804b3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8446699976921082","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2902059$DFACB4B0-5D97-40F0-93A2-6FADE0F282A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5738bd319f65ed858be25f5091c02d3d37bb0193","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":631337,"id":"Q631337"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"19025ac32c909f645b914b88b8008ad1a22b432e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8266128897666931","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2902059$0F0E7848-8AAF-4FCC-9C50-25372FAAF2F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a6b3c043936fa0f1858c8a0fe1c8dbc6bc4a6e32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1290528,"id":"Q1290528"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"266f81a5836a722ae3146d5fd24c6d4ed478db0f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8258784413337708","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2902059$3CB2042B-3FB7-477D-9D8F-307571E8429F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d47ed01890b301c1b5d68c7dc1d2569157b9018a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4942943,"id":"Q4942943"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"266f81a5836a722ae3146d5fd24c6d4ed478db0f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8258784413337708","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2902059$F4274C2B-A69B-45E1-9C3F-7F4BA1B90A81","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Universal formulas for counting nodal curves on surfaces","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Universal_formulas_for_counting_nodal_curves_on_surfaces"}}}}}