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the conditions to extend Ricci flow. II","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2905258$96180D92-EE85-449C-9DDF-B49AC15CF7BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c975e31a999d95d03c59195499eed7e7c2322c87","datavalue":{"value":"The author develops some estimates under the Ricci flow and uses them to study the blowup rates of curvatures at singularities. As applications, he obtains some gap theorems: \\(\\sup_X|Ric|\\) and \\(\\sqrt{\\sup_X|Rm|}.\\sqrt{|R|}\\) must blow up at least at the rate of type-I. These estimates also imply some gap theorems for shrinking Ricci solitons.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn 1995, \\textit{R. S. Hamilton} [``The Formation of Singularities in the Ricci flow'', Surv. Differ. Geom., Suppl. J. Differ. Geom. 2, 7--136 (1995; Zbl 0867.53030)] showed that the Ricci flow can be extended over \\(T\\) if \\(|Rm|\\) is uniformly bounded on the space-time \\(X\\times[0,T)\\). In other words, \\(|Rm|\\) blows up if \\(T\\) is a singular time. In [Am. J. Math. 127, No. 6, 1315--1324 (2005; Zbl 1093.53070)], \\textit{N. Sesum} proved that \\(|Ric|\\) blows up at singular time. These theorems are fundamental. They were generalized in many directions by X. Cao; X. Cao and Q. S. Zhang; J. Emders, R. Muller and P.M. Topping; \\textit{D. Knopf} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 137, No. 9, 3099--3103 (2009; Zbl 1172.53043)]; N. Q. Lee and N. Sesum; \\textit{L. Ma} and \\textit{L. Cheng} [Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 37, No. 4, 403--411 (2010; Zbl 1188.35033)]; \\textit{B. Wang} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2008, Article ID rnn012, 30 p. (2008; Zbl 1148.53050)]; \\textit{R. Ye} [Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 31, No. 4, 439--455 (2008; Zbl 1142.53033)].NEWLINENEWLINEBefore the singular time \\(T\\) of a Ricci flow, an application of the maximum principle implies that \\(|Rm|,\\) not only blows up, but also blows up at a big rate (cf. [\\textit{B. Chow, P. Lu} and \\textit{L. Ni}, Hamilton's Ricci flow. Graduate Studies in Mathematics 77. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2006; Zbl 1118.53001)]): NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\lim_{t\\rightarrow T}|T-t|(\\sup_X |Rm|)\\geq\\frac{1}{8}.NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINEA natural question is: Does similar behavior hold for \\(|Ric|\\)? In this paper, the author answers this question affirmatively.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.1. Suppose \\(\\{(X,g(t)),0\\leq t< T\\}\\) is a Ricci flow solution, \\(X\\) is a closed manifold of dimension \\(m\\), and \\(t=T\\) is a singular time. Then NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\limsup_{t\\rightarrow T}|T-t|(\\sup_X| Ric|_{g(t)})\\geq\\eta_1,\\tag{\\(*\\)} NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(\\eta_1=\\eta_1(m,k)\\), \\(k\\) is the noncollapsing constant of this flow.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe author notes that he does not assumes that the singularity is of type-I in Theorem 1.1. He says that if the singularity is of type-I, inequality (\\(*\\)) was implied by the major results in the works of X. Cao and Q. S. Zhang and J. Enders, R. Muller, and P. M. Topping (op. cit), and a gap theorem of gradient shrinking solitons in [{O. Munteanu} and \\textit{M.-T. Wang}, ``The curvature of gradient Ricci solitons'', \\url{arXiv:1006.3547}]. In this case \\(\\eta_1\\) can be chosen as \\(\\frac{1}{100 m^2}\\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEOther interesting results of the paper are the following theorems:NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.2. Suppose \\(\\{(X,g(t)), 0\\leq t< T\\}\\) is a Ricci flow solution, \\(X\\) a closed manifold of dimension \\(m\\), and \\(t=T\\) a singular time. If \\(\\limsup_t\\rightarrow |T-t|(\\sup_X|Ric|_{g(t)})=C\\), then \\(\\lim \\sup_{t\\rightarrow T}^{\\lambda}(\\sup_X|Rm|_{g(t)})=0\\), whenever \\(\\lambda > \\frac{C}{\\epsilon_1}\\), where \\(\\epsilon _1=\\epsilon _1(m,k)\\) depends on \\(m\\) and the noncollapsing constant \\(k\\) of this flow.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1.3. Suppose \\(\\{(X,g(t)), 0\\leq t< T\\}\\) is a Ricci flow solution , \\(X\\) is a closed manifold of dimension \\(m\\), and \\(t=T\\) is a singular time. Then NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\limsup_{t\\rightarrow T}\\left(\\sqrt{\\sup_X |Rm|_{g(t)}}.\\sqrt{\\sup_X |R|_{g(t)}}\\right)\\geq \\eta_2, \\text{ where }\\eta_2=\\eta_2(m,k).NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINETheorem 1.4. Suppose \\(\\{(X,g(t)), 0\\leq t< T\\}\\) is a Ricci flow solution, \\(X\\) is a closed manifold of dimension \\(m\\), and \\(t=T\\) is a singular time. If \\(\\lim \\sup _{t\\rightarrow T}|T-t|(\\sqrt{\\sup_X|Rm|_{g(t)}}.\\sqrt{\\sup_X|R|_{g(t)}})=C\\), then NEWLINENEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\limsup_{t\\rightarrow T}|T-t|^{\\lambda}(\\sup_{X}|Rm|_{g(t)})=0, \\text{ whenever }\\lambda> \\frac{1}{\\log_2(1+\\frac{\\epsilon_2}{C}},\\text{ where }\\epsilon _2=\\epsilon_2(m,k).NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE NEWLINETheorem 1.5. there exists a constant \\(\\eta_3=\\eta_3(m,k)\\) such that the following property holds.NEWLINENEWLINESuppose that \\((X^m,g)\\) is a complete, nonflat, \\(k\\)-noncollapsed Riemannian manifold. 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