{"entities":{"Q2909064":{"pageid":2919789,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2909064","lastrevid":51538394,"modified":"2026-01-18T17:01:16Z","type":"item","id":"Q2909064","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Christoffel functions and universality limits for orthogonal rational functions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6073838"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$AE918AF1-1C7C-4F8F-81F5-191F24C39FAD","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"dbe249faf5069fb12bf8fcc13b02838bdadfbba7","datavalue":{"value":"1250.42097","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$3540944A-DA40-4A1B-9362-1A7CD612066F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"49bcfdc72e768a93ae4a892a8f2efe4b6b650eb6","datavalue":{"value":"10.1142/S0219530512500133","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$EC768B21-E6FF-475E-B80C-B4CD4E6356F9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fd4e99343caf806af9af2c0b2acf99355f8aaf77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":448232,"id":"Q448232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$501E6E77-83F6-4CF2-A408-4A97C07AFDBE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d46d3a6e0e736fc86f6891aae238ec77fa6ed33d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":308686,"id":"Q308686"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$D55D368D-0CA9-4536-9C8E-96115AC681E8","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8ce614070009b11291ee6b015c78682bf76dc525","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-08-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$5CD75D28-F209-4A84-B17A-932581AEB951","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bdc714c20cee024d1cfcb29abb8370a0fe766626","datavalue":{"value":"42C99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$F63D0661-CA3A-45CB-AEFF-B2CB0A8DB93C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3fe11b7d16e06845adde4bbbcb9b2e886069dfee","datavalue":{"value":"46E22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$5BA98F46-D7F8-415D-9E77-E9D457E4F7CD","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3a76005f3df2cd7cafdbd2c2ed8ebf850831ad58","datavalue":{"value":"6073838","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$C9F8FC26-B477-4984-B7C0-98D8CF0DB7A4","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"051bba33cb1ffe3c3cf05fd8e403893759df77eb","datavalue":{"value":"orthogonal rational functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$F9D36770-F988-4170-B229-3A7F0560213B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c8c0ac6911478ee4332ddd17a80eab489cf42c90","datavalue":{"value":"universality limits","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$0C721634-434D-4BB5-8BF1-24888F48E4EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8c14816c466fc7ffd720e3ac1da9a883d3be8f14","datavalue":{"value":"Christoffel functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$D3DBBED2-3832-4852-AD10-DF1C332F28D4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$465EA410-7080-419E-BA8B-BD0DA358434B","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d15ae0570cf51c9a9258ca712a324e6663fdaae9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1591315,"id":"Q1591315"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$8DC68714-24C8-4169-82A9-42776899746C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f73b01637594c16d5c0784a2ecfb6de852b40ae5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3600853,"id":"Q3600853"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$B31A8A7C-9294-42F4-9877-EEC5940762B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bbea45ff4252135cbbb590ec5cf128c3695f8882","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1028204,"id":"Q1028204"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$CDD19446-1EF3-45DB-98AD-DB37171CBD62","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"22e3906c5b13b25ac3b6117e79e21e8ffe94550e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5444313,"id":"Q5444313"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$E5D5EBE2-364F-46F1-92B7-0128C3164EDD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"958837b32866ff3ec02bfeea63e8ed88db2b5e92","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":999283,"id":"Q999283"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$7A6CFAA1-CDE4-4063-BF77-EE45D8F70C01","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3a982a768ac7417abd2f79fd169ae6a4e1768ac6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":947767,"id":"Q947767"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$463448E4-F1BC-4AB7-AD1E-3E5FB908A0D6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"52939bf5dbaf662cd5e9579566f5af78c0e90747","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":351359,"id":"Q351359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$49A9B95A-C0B9-4A3B-BDEF-F709FD1D025B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0f1b0eefb26ffb2ea440a212da3cb0ac38f42f70","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1185453,"id":"Q1185453"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$AA08DEE7-A0F1-47F8-86D9-5C6D88154308","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0dc4c22a3449babafa12f64478dc03fa6a2fa186","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4001740,"id":"Q4001740"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$270BD9B7-4701-4F63-BE61-DC43D40CB55E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"66da142455129c8095141ce217faf20c6dab9e36","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":948866,"id":"Q948866"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$F6789F66-9CFB-42A6-BB74-13394B257BBE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6a5e4c23b22e793101e596b7f63adbf2b8de1df2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1591327,"id":"Q1591327"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$04EB1FB9-9903-4124-A486-F8231D04C39E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b27f98175881c58ee9add150973a1a4f4c9558f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1042563,"id":"Q1042563"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$867DA7B5-607A-46B9-BACA-773F9A0E1449","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99ff16f0d0c8426a95dba3a570a517d1343ab7d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1772360,"id":"Q1772360"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$6D1A74D9-1398-4125-8F13-EE7E21A01456","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3af66b96ad558cc35069b94da5c197c743b06df8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Christoffel functions and universality limits for orthogonal rational functions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$3F81F379-EC6E-4501-9421-85AE11008B53","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"4ae1b328f01e119ba894cb4899cd3f3bdf020223","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6496337,"id":"Q6496337"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$923BBBD5-650A-4FA8-B157-33B8D1E4AD96","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3c50cb182d2c4add4fb8cf7570f431c429141e96","datavalue":{"value":"Consider a nested sequence of spaces \\(\\{\\mathcal{L}_n:n=0,1,\\ldots\\}\\) of rational functions of degree \\(n\\) with prescribed poles outside \\([-1,1]\\) with an orthonormal basis \\(\\{\\phi_k:k=0,1,\\ldots\\}\\) for some Borel measure \\(\\mu\\) on \\([-1,1]\\). The reproducing kernel for \\(\\mathcal{L}_{n-1}\\) is \\(K_n(x,y)=\\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\\phi_k(x)\\overline{\\phi_k(y)}\\) and the Christoffel function is \\(\\lambda_n(x)=1/K_n(x,x)\\). The poles satisfy some asymptotic distribution characterized by a measure \\(\\nu\\) which is the weak limit of the counting measure \\(\\nu_n=\\frac{1}{n}(\\delta_\\infty+\\sum_{j=1}^{n-1}\\delta_{\\alpha_j})\\) as \\(n\\to\\infty\\). The following asymptotic formula is proved for \\(x\\in(-1,1)\\), \\(s\\in[-r,r]\\) and \\(r>0\\): NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}n\\lambda_n(x+\\frac{s}{n})=\\mu'(x)\\pi\\sqrt{1-x^2}/R_\\nu(x)NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE with \\(R_\\nu(x)=\\int\\mathrm{Re}\\{\\frac{\\sqrt{t^2-1}}{t-x}\\}d\\nu(t)\\). This generalizes the classical polynomial result, i.e., when all \\(\\alpha_k=\\infty\\) and \\(R_\\nu=1\\). As a consequence, a universality limit for the reproducing kernels is obtained: Set \\(\\xi_c(x)=x+c/[\\mu'(x)K_n(x,x)]\\), \\(K_n^{a,b}(x)=K_n(\\xi_a(x),\\xi_b(x))\\) and \\(\\omega_{n-1}^{a,b}(x)=\\mathrm{arg}\\{\\pi_{n-1}(\\xi_a(x))\\}-\\mathrm{arg}\\{\\pi_{n-1}(\\xi_b(x))\\}\\) with \\(\\pi_{n-1}(x)=\\prod_{k=1}^n(1-\\frac{x}{\\alpha_k})\\), then, if \\(x\\in (-1,1)\\) and \\(\\mu'\\) positive and continuous in a neighbourhood of \\(x\\), NEWLINE\\[NEWLINE\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\frac{K_n(\\xi_a(x),\\xi_b(x))}{K_n(x,x)}E_n^{a,b}(x)=\\frac{\\sin\\pi(a-b)}{\\pi(a-b)}NEWLINE\\]NEWLINE where \\(E_n^{a,b}(x)=\\exp\\{i\\omega_{n-1}^{a,b}(x)\\}\\) and \\(a,b\\) are finite real numbers. Again, this generalizes the classical polynomial result where \\(E_n^{a,b}(x)=1\\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe proof is given under the technical assumption that the poles stay away from \\([-1,1]\\). By including the denominators of the rational functions into the measure, which then depends on \\(n\\), the numerators become polynomials that can be orthogonalized with respect to this varying measure. This is used to lift some polynomial results to the rational case. In the special case of the Chebyshev weight of the second kind, Bernstein-Szeg\u0151 polynomials are used to obtain the asymptotic expression for the Christoffel function. The limit in the rational case then follows by comparing Christoffel functions for different measures and two different measures, one of which is the Chebyshev measure. The universality limit then follows readily.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$EA2E7D55-ED35-4B29-8B14-EA3D0987F665","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"fc8a96e7da0a25d97c6c3415d8dffbc5c07a46e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":283199,"id":"Q283199"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909064$1AE850ED-840D-4D60-9018-F0BF5713E4BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a4bb9ddc9c12db943401832a7585a74126ab17e6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":714881,"id":"Q714881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b00fdab96d7902d40b55e005c9a9745a097ff225","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8627108335494995","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909064$B9505497-F3C9-466A-A117-F6866E6B974B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7e3546cb46b65167e5e360a2d5143db5bfcd81c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4921385,"id":"Q4921385"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"05602d43a8eb4244dd2c63075fd3b95c88fabe95","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8500235676765442","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909064$951E8107-A967-4D4C-A756-D14A9C63B633","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2af367f3c4406551bd34f0665e4bbde04eba2f9b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2259361,"id":"Q2259361"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a15c1eebde40754618a7247388be158941f6d17b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8356056213378906","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909064$50331CF7-EF3B-4767-83BD-8780AAA68A09","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"00bfecef6c5f5312f5ae92dbc48183c2378b869b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3092808,"id":"Q3092808"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3937af2670b984c7b5fa747409f6cbd0733ccbc4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8335841298103333","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909064$EC977073-8080-4110-ADC2-987029ED0A18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e7138ab7ef9d2b24c66e5932b230018343a19a7f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":731207,"id":"Q731207"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d9d43f6a9adf39b4ed41892af4898babb22d78ce","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8306036591529846","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909064$7CB08C5F-B1DA-41C5-96AD-61649912ED2B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2909064","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2909064"}}}}}