{"entities":{"Q2909220":{"pageid":2919945,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2909220","lastrevid":51538649,"modified":"2026-01-18T17:05:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q2909220","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Discounting and averaging in games across time scales"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6073961"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$BCD13F7D-47D6-455C-90C5-05F182F72271","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"454a1cb3720b4c2563e81e2cdc935a96b4138326","datavalue":{"value":"1253.91032","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$C98FE4ED-7026-41F0-948B-FEA14542D171","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"146931736d429f57d217ed53109be479f68fa51b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1142/S0129054112400308","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$CD07E8E6-DC83-40F7-AA18-52D67C9088D2","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2cff81c72b46c2d37ebe9a5f2cbcfbb6825cbcc7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":253965,"id":"Q253965"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$2E040CE9-26E6-4475-99EE-3434FEA9F545","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cd27e91c4471a6c2f2d14ef8212c1a71ddfcbbaf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":453531,"id":"Q453531"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$01DAC614-668B-4BCB-825F-855BBD582A5D","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"47adaa7123c6f3744cf7fa8eab088d52b4982295","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2703009,"id":"Q2703009"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$F8FCDEB7-2917-447C-B7C6-7EA7D5E86C38","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"9ea979e1010c32afb4768abd2ba95f7b0dc31ec2","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-08-30T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$6B25ACBA-7197-4510-BA71-9C3BAB73BEB4","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"51140ae2bebd38d405ad1731d3b61ebf4b26c4ac","datavalue":{"value":"91A43","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$3FCE52CF-D56E-49FD-BF68-3B0ACC15E339","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b98cb7058a1e8e644c33a49a426b651c0e594493","datavalue":{"value":"91A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$1D36C883-5248-4690-93D0-13E0FAEFED83","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5fbd0918ba2c4a1aeddd30d9d3d146d9773f1239","datavalue":{"value":"91A24","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$399B2A64-8B0E-45E5-AA9F-36F1941E1663","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d5c83f057600e5614b7fec59c8e4ac61cb41ba8d","datavalue":{"value":"91A80","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$8D22E908-6DFC-4964-ADC1-7994A08C2DFB","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"7956522d18a17d8e7ddfe2552ed199456a49cce6","datavalue":{"value":"6073961","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$70DC8E13-DAD9-46BE-A76B-547986EB4CDA","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b8d9b90d8cba59aaef1d765ae8eaeda7c123576d","datavalue":{"value":"games on graphs","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$74D5A8B9-3BE1-4E7A-8623-1BB5BE29D556","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"708640a15241be0cf21d16ed583b0cdc7f2b028e","datavalue":{"value":"discounted objectives","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$BA3C4664-CCBB-43A6-8C2C-02B1071BFC5B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4e2b6a031b3d87d81207877bd699d97977b4cdd8","datavalue":{"value":"mean-payoff objectives","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$B61DCB2D-1C1C-4F5F-A880-499DA6148D8D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$1003212C-0DF9-4A5B-9247-6E00B7135A2F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cc619965c66a74b47a0342a5a69ac646fa9335ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1187025,"id":"Q1187025"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$68B5ED49-5D38-4310-9EB5-6F8F18B87ADC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5142ee1d620d0b4118f77836a47316b18c6d1122","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4382287,"id":"Q4382287"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$34155F83-618C-4F91-A024-A0BC30E59E02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d4f6e4e5950e9655742f8431890699c68c61300e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3931277,"id":"Q3931277"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$BBABF9C6-93B0-47AD-B8D7-3582471E06FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"644542c843fde88c5d346b3bce672efffa53dece","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4254699,"id":"Q4254699"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$73B49E4E-ABAB-4F9C-A689-A606D35B91B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"17e0e65bc0258e3fb24301d38f9385a7e4dd4333","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5820908,"id":"Q5820908"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$354D0F5E-64D6-4181-90F5-7BE7635D6A45","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"d9822c836fa24f2d4315bcf5b56ed0369e853f3a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112400308","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$4C01AA9A-C20B-43D1-B539-8BC667C9FAC1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"76796a265af5b37ca4fba7636bf69a2e3c9a942a","datavalue":{"value":"W2083728374","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$C72F98B4-210D-46AE-A1CC-65771B8146B5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"e6639f3ce73516183f29c1a4aa9a31a9518397ea","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Discounting and averaging in games across time scales","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$8B51ED9B-EAE1-4AB6-BFFD-E9174076D3E2","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a297d2ec33c344b33e71a3e7cbf7ab94a686294f","datavalue":{"value":"Two-level discounted and mean-payoff games played by two players on a perfect-information stochastic game graph are studied. The upper level game is a discounted or mean-payoff game and the lower level game is a (undiscounted) reachability game. Two-level games model hierarchical and sequential decision making under uncertainty across different time scales. For both discounted and mean-payoff two-level games, it is shown that there exist pure memoryless optimal strategies for both players and an ordered field property. It is shown that if there is only one player (Markov decision processes), then the values can be computed in polynomial time. It follows that whether the value of a player is equal to a given rational constant in two-level discounted or mean-payoff games can be decided in NP \\(\\cap \\) coNP.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$91AC076F-4DC5-4A90-A0BC-345BB25D3ED4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c82436212510eb3fd57a05c9debac7e41dff5f00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":226578,"id":"Q226578"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2909220$B99F3436-B139-486F-B45B-057BF9A9185C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c6c675909cba4a9867ebbc6e2a3b1659a070deb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5150997,"id":"Q5150997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2da16c99b5c5b6394230a21e1dfc901841bf96e4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9764071106910706","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909220$51AF1CD3-8F2D-4C02-AA2B-667208D98284","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6cc20f86f4a5d96203b5c4cc64a2d3e8189e6db8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5897954,"id":"Q5897954"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1497de3ef7de273f801d708b0986eb2a67ca7b0b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7764384150505066","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909220$92E1B895-3C79-4EEF-A55B-0EFB171121CC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9d1a14ee8cd47de403bfab3ba32c1a806998ad69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1351468,"id":"Q1351468"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2271e25fd35e08c6dfbd67fd4e96568353ad8152","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7624071836471558","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909220$A599E5E6-35CD-4DF8-9A4F-BFCCC5E479AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0e06553fb0e83446c72f4e91a2161dac75c2584c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2450666,"id":"Q2450666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f0d3dfabcad4ecf660a52be86c912c55634703a9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7596292495727539","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909220$0D2B1822-BC17-4497-9B97-012C03C311FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a9b6298de0c59ac54b8029002269ceb775aee4f6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2849559,"id":"Q2849559"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"017224a0322e3462b048c0d0db4fadaf98cc9075","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7574247121810913","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2909220$D2E4EE19-C85A-45DE-ABA9-8E58462D22C7","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2909220","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2909220"}}}}}